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lang=\"EN-US\">,<\/span>\u8fd8\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u5e73\u8861\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u8282\u6ede\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u4e0e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7387\u5148\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e89\u593a\u4e16\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u56fd\u5185\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u60e8\u70c8\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u4e16\u754c\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u5316\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u968f \u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u4e8c\u6b21\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u6269\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u6b27\u7f8e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c \u7684\u3002\u4ece<span lang=\"EN-US\">1960<\/span>\u5e74\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1995<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">35<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u89c4\u6a21\u5728\u539f\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4ee5\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e3a\u5f00\u7aef\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5728\u88ab\u4fb5\u7565\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5f00 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lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5371\u9669\u548c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u65f6\u65f6\u63d0\u9192\u4e2d\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u9769\u548c\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u7126\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u524d\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">50<\/span>\u591a\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u60a3\uff0c\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e3a\u4f53\uff0c\u897f\u5b66\u4e3a\u7528<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u4f9d\u7136\u5305\u5bb9\u5728\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5b98\u529e<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3001<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5b98\u7763\u5546\u529e<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3001\u9650\u5236\u6c11\u95f4\u53d1\u5c55\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u6539\u9769\u5c40\u90e8\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5176\u6807\u5fd7\u5c31\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">50<\/span>\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u5c61\u6218\u5c61\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u6267\u8ff7\u4e0d\u609f\uff0c\u575a\u6301<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e3a\u4f53\uff0c\u897f\u5b66\u4e3a\u7528<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4ec5\u5b66\u4e60\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5b66\u4e60\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0e<span lang=\"EN-US\">1840<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u7531\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\u5374\u628a\u6301\u5728\u5e26\u6709\u5c01\u5efa\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u519b\u9600\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u6cbb 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lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u6bd4\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u81ea\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5171\u548c\u5236<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6700\u7ec8\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5efa\u7acb\u5f3a\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u8282\u5236\u79c1\u4eba\u8d44\u672c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u3000\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u201c\u4ee5\u4fc4\u4e3a\u5e08\u201d\uff0c\u6539\u7ec4\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u3002\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e8e1928\u5e74\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u5176\u540e\u768420\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5371\u673a\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u4e00\u4e2d\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u5373\u65e0\u65e5\u4e0d\u5904\u4e8e\u5916\u5fe7\u5185\u60a3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5916\u5fe7\u65b9\u9762\uff0c1928\u5e74\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u65e5\u519b\u963b\u6b62\u5317\u4f10\u7684\u201c\u6d4e\u5357\u60e8\u6848\u201d\uff1b\u968f\u540e\u5c31\u67091931\u5e74\u7684\u4e1c\u5317\u201c\u4e5d\u00b7\u4e00\u516b\u201d\u4e8b\u53d8\uff0c1932\u5e74\u7684\u4e0a\u6d77\u201c\u4e00\u00b7\u4e8c\u516b\u201d\u4e8b\u53d8\uff0c1935\u5e74\u7684\u534e\u5317\u4e8b\u53d8\uff0c1937\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u4e03\u00b7\u4e03\u201d\u4e8b 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lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u7edf\u5236<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1935<\/span>\u5e74\u5219\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5355\u4e00\u516c\u6709\u5236\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e5f\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9e\u884c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u578b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1933<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u6708\u520a\u300b\u5c31\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u5f81\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u6536\u5230\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">26<\/span>\u7bc7\u77ed\u8bba\u548c\u4e13\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u201c\u53d7\u8282\u5236\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u975e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5927\u4f53\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8d70\u81ea\u7531\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u7684\u4ec5<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\u7bc7\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">5<\/span>\u7bc7\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u91c7\u53d6\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u957f\uff0c\u5373\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u6709<span lang=\"EN-US\">9<\/span>\u7bc7\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u672a\u6b63\u9762\u6216\u660e\u786e\u56de\u7b54\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2460]<\/span>\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">30<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c<span lang=\"EN-US\">40<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9e\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u65bd\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\u56fd\u8425\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u6279\u5224\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u9a6c\u5bc5\u521d\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u91c7\u7528\u82f1\u7f8e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u91c7\u7528\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u5207\u56fd\u8425\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e43\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b98\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u6c11\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u8fdb\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7528\u82f1\u7f8e\u5f0f\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7528\u82cf\u4fc4\u5f0f\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u80fd\u529e\u5230\u7684\uff1b\u6545\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u91c7\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6f2b\u65e0\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d[\u2461]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e09\uff09<span lang=\"EN-US\">1949<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001949<\/span>\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u653f\u6743\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u5411\u82cf\u8054\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ece<span lang=\"EN-US\">1953<\/span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u5355\u4e00\u516c\u6709\u5236\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u679c\u4e0d\u5176\u7136\uff0c\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1956<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\u5c31\u987a\u5229\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5168\u80fd\u578b\u653f\u5e9c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3002 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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u80fd\u529b\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u5b98\u540f\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u5ec9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u63a8\u8fdb\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fdb\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u6709\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u5dee\u8ddd\u5f88 \u5927\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u516c\u6709\u5236\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ba1\u7406\u6ca1\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6c11\u4e3b\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u53d7\u5230\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u57fa \u672c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6ce2\u52a8\u5927\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u5931\u8861\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u529b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u5931\u7075\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">1956<\/span>\u5e74\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u540e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u515a\u5185\u5bf9\u6b64\u5374\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u4ee5\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5c06<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u5e9c\u5931\u7075<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u89c6\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u8fd8\u662f\u65b0\u751f\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u719f\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5355\u4e00\u516c\u6709\u5236\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u514b\u670d\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u591a\u6b21\u6279\u8bc4\u8ba1\u5212\u8131\u79bb\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u5ffd\u89c6\u4eba\u6c11\u75be\u82e6\u548c\u538b\u5236\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u5730\u8fdb\u884c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u6574\u98ce<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6574\u987f\uff0c\u56e0\u5355\u4e00\u516c\u6709\u5236\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u7ba1\u5c31\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e00\u653e\u5c31\u4e71<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\uff09\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ee5\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u3001\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u3001\u9648\u4e91\u7b49\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9664\u4e86\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4f53\u5236\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u5f15\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5b9e\u884c\u5c06\u6743\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u7ed9\u519c\u6c11\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5305\u4ea7\u5230\u6237<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5c31\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u804c\u80fd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9648\u4e91\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u3001\u4e09\u4e2a\u8865\u5145<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u674e\u5bcc\u6625\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001978<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u529b\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fee\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u538b\u529b\u548c\u8bf1\u5bfc\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5f00\u773c\u770b\u4e16\u754c\u611f\u5230\u843d\u540e\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n1978<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">2009<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u804c\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">1991<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u6253\u7834\u5bf9\u5355\u4e00\u516c\u6709\u5236\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8bf1\u81f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u7f29\u5c0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5e72\u9884\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u529b\u5ea6\u3002\u6539\u9769\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4ece\u519c\u6751\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u8054\u4ea7\u627f\u5305\u8d23\u4efb\u5236<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u53d6\u6d88<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u793e\u5408\u4e00<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6743\u529b\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u52b1\u57ce\u4e61\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5174\u529e<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e09\u8d44<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u653e\u5f00\u90e8\u5206\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u5b9e\u884c\u4ef7\u683c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u53cc\u8f68\u5236<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1<span lang=\"EN-US\">1987<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e09\u5927\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u5e9c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u63a7\u4f01\u4e1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u4f55\u8005\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u6539\u9769\u6ede\u540e\u3001\u56fd\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6bd4\u91cd\u8fc7\u9ad8\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001992<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u804c\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1992<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5357\u65b9\u8c08\u8bdd\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u56db\u5927\u786e\u7acb\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u804c\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u7b49\u4e8e\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5168\u80fd\u578b\u653f\u5e9c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2008<\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b21\u8d37\u5371\u673a\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4e5f\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u7075\u201d\u7684\u5371\u9669\u6027\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6572\u54cd\u4e86\u8b66\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u9053\u8def<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001949<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u9053\u8def\u9009\u62e9\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u4e09\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\uff09<span lang=\"EN-US\">1949-1978<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u8d76\u8d85\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6b64\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u9ad8\u79ef\u7d2f\u3001\u9ad8\u6295\u5165\u3001\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u6570\u91cf\u6269\u5f20\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5916\u5ef6\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\uff09<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">1996<\/span>\u5e74\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u9769\u5524\u8d77\u5de8\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u529b\u548c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u5916\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u519c\u8f7b\u91cd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5747\u8861\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5356\u65b9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6295\u5165\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5916\u5ef6\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1997<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u4e70\u65b9\u5e02\u573a\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u7ade\u4e89\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8d70\u4e0a\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u6548\u76ca\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u51c6\u5907\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u600e\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9053\u8def\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff081949\uff5e1978\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001949<\/span>\uff5e<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u9760\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u4e00\u4e94\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u7b80\u5355\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\uff1a\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u56fd\u5185\u79ef\u7d2f\u5efa\u8bbe\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4ece\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff1b\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\uff09\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u8fdb\u53e3\u66ff\u4ee3\u201d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u51fa\u53e3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u77ff\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b49\u521d\u7ea7\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u54c1\u6362\u56de\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u9010\u6b65\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\uff1b\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\uff09\u6539\u5584\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5e03\u5c40\u6781\u7aef\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u548c\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6781\u7aef\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7578\u5f62\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">4<\/span>\uff09 \u968f\u7740\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7528\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u9010\u6b65\u88c5\u5907\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u72ec \u7acb\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u53ef\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u6218\u7565\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u516c\u6709\u5236\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\uff09\u4ee5\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\uff09\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u3002\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u5ef6\u578b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u5916\u5ef6\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6307\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u9760\u589e\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u3002 \uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">4<\/span>\uff09\u4ece\u5907\u6218\u548c\u6548\u76ca\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u5185\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">5<\/span>\uff09\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u8fdb\u53e3\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">5<\/span>\uff09\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\u5b9e\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ece<span lang=\"EN-US\">50<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u515a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u65b9\u9762\u5bfb\u627e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">50<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u5176\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u6781\u4f4e\u3001\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u6210\u4e3a\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1950<\/span>\u5e74\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u8feb\u5377\u5165\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6297\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">1840<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u8fd9\u79cd\u5a01\u80c1\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u8fc7\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u8bad\u90fd\u8feb\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u5f3a\u56fd\u9632\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u5c3d\u5feb\u5efa\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u56fd\u9632\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001956<\/span>\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u201c\u516b\u5927\u201d\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u201c\u4ee5\u82cf\u4e3a\u9274\u201d\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6210\u679c\u96c6\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u5341\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\u3002\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1956<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">1957<\/span>\u5e74\u62df\u5b9a\u201c\u4e8c\u4e94\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u8349\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\uff08\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8584\u5f31\u73af\u8282\uff09\u548c\u9ad8\u901f\u589e\u957f\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u8c03\u6574\u519c\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5916\u5ef6\u589e\u957f\u4e0e\u5185\u6db5\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1957<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u53cd\u201c\u53cd\u5192\u8fdb\u201d\u548c\u4e09\u5e74\u201c\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u201d\uff0c\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u601d\u8def\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u628a\u4f9d\u9760\u9ad8\u6295\u5165\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u5916\u5ef6\u578b\u589e\u957f\u63a8\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u3000\u4ece1949\u5e7410\u6708\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u52301957\u5e74 \u5e95\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u4e03\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u767e\u5e74\u52a8\u4e71\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u5947\u8ff9\u822c\u5730\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u5e9f\u589f\u4e0a\u6062 \u590d\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u8d2b\u7a77\u843d\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4ee4\u4e16\u754c\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa \u7840\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001958<\/span>\u5e74\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6446\u8131\u82cf\u8054\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8d70\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u5df1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1958<\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5e26\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020\u80dc\u5229\u548c\u4e00\u4e94\u8ba1\u5212\u6210\u529f\u7684\u559c\u60a6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5e26\u7740\u201c\u6587\u9769\u201d\u540e\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u53cd\u601d\u3001\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u800c\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5c01\u9501\u3001\u4e2d\u82cf\u4ea4\u6076\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u56fd\u9632\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u5c16\u7aef\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u6539\u5584\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u7f29\u5c0f\u6cbf\u6d77\u4e0e\u5185\u5730\u5dee\u8ddd\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u4ece<span lang=\"EN-US\">1957<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6309\u53ef\u6bd4\u4ef7\u683c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u589e\u957f<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\uff0e<span lang=\"EN-US\">25<\/span>\u500d\uff0c\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u589e\u957f<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\uff0e<span lang=\"EN-US\">64<\/span>\u500d\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u589e\u957f<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\uff0e<span lang=\"EN-US\">96<\/span>\u500d\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u589e\u957f<span lang=\"EN-US\">5<\/span>\uff0e<span lang=\"EN-US\">99<\/span>\u500d\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u589e\u957f<span lang=\"EN-US\">0<\/span>\uff0e<span lang=\"EN-US\">84<\/span>\u500d\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2462]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u57ce\u4e61\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u53d8\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u30021949\u5e74\u52301978\u5e74\uff0c\u4e61\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u753189\uff0e4%\u4e0b\u964d\u523082\uff0e1%\uff0c 29\u5e74\u4ec5\u4e0b\u964d\u4e867\uff0e3\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u589e\u957f\u4e5f\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5927\u6539\u5584\u30021978\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u5168\u6c11\u6240\u6709\u5236\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u804c\u5de5\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u4ec5\u6bd41957\u5e74\u589e\u52a07\u5143\u30021978\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u5c45\u6c11\u5e73\u5747\u6d88\u8d39\u6c34\u5e73\u4e3a175\u5143\uff0c\u4ec5\u6bd41957\u5e74\u589e\u52a044%(\u6309\u53ef\u6bd4\u4ef7\u683c\u8ba1\u7b97)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u519c\u6c11\u589e\u52a034\uff0e5%\uff0c\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u5c45\u6c11\u589e\u52a068\uff0e6%\u3002[\u2463]\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u6d3b\u6d88\u8d39\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u51ed\u7968\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8f6c\u8f68\uff081979\uff5e1996\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001979-1996<\/span>\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u91cc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5feb\u901f\u63a8\u8fdb\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u8f68\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u603b\u91cf\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e24\u756a\uff0c\u4e09\u6b21\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7531<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">28<\/span>\u00b7<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">48<\/span>\u00b7<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">23<\/span>\u00b7<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u63d0\u5347\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u00b7<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">49<\/span>\u00b7<span lang=\"EN-US\">0<\/span>\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">31<\/span>\u00b7<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u6d88\u8d39\u6c34\u5e73\u7531<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">184<\/span>\u5143\u589e\u52a0\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1995<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">2311<\/span>\u5143\u3002\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4ee4\u4e16\u754c\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5947\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5947\u8ff9\u7684\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u201c\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u201d\u4ee5\u540e\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6211\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u8f6c\u53d8\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u5355\u4e00\u516c\u6709\u5236\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684 \u57fa\u7840\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u5206\u5e76\u5b58\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u4ece\u6025\u4e8e\u6c42\u6210\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u6307\u6807\u5bbd\u677e\u3001\u7559\u6709\u4f59\u5730\uff1b\u4ece\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u503e\u659c\u6218\u7565\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u519c\u8f7b\u91cd\u5e76\u4e3e\u7684 \u5747\u8861\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\uff1b\u4ece\u5b8c\u5168\u7acb\u8db3\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u79ef\u7d2f\u3001\u8fdb\u53e3\u66ff\u4ee3\u6218\u7565\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u5229\u7528\u5916\u8d44\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5229\u7528\u201d\u6218\u7565\uff1b\u4ece\u8fc7\u5206\u6ce8\u91cd\u533a\u57df\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5e03\u5c40\u548c\u533a\u57df\u5747\u8861\u53d1\u5c55\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a \u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5c40\u201d\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b9\u9762\u201c\u62e8\u4e71\u53cd\u6b63\u201d\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u91cd\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e25\u91cd\u5931\u8c03\u6210\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1980<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\u6708 \u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u957f\u671f\u641e\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u6392\u597d\u5404\u79cd\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u519c\u6797\u7267\u526f\u6e14\u4e4b\u95f4\u548c\u8f7b\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u7164\u7535\u6cb9\u8fd0\u548c\u5176 \u4ed6\u5de5\u4e1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u2018\u9aa8\u5934\u2019\u548c\u2018\u8089\u2019\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u4f4f\u5b85\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u5e02\u653f\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7b49\uff09\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u8c03\u3002\u2026\u2026\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00 \u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5316\u536b\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u536b\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2464]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u89e3\u653e\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5438\u53d6\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u53c8\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u9f13\u52b1\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u548c\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u6539\u53d8\u8fc7\u53bb\u5355\u4e00\u516c\u6709\u5236\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u5c01\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1987<\/span>\u5e74 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lang=\"EN-US\">1949<\/span>\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bef\u533a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u5355\u4e00\u516c\u6709\u5236\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u4e3a\u515a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u4e25\u91cd\u5e72\u6270\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u515a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u59cb\u7ec8\u6293\u4f4f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0d\u653e\u677e\uff0c\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u5b9e\u884c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u3002\u5176\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u538b\u529b\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb<span lang=\"EN-US\">30<\/span>\u5e74 \u6b20\u8d26\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u5de6\u503e\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u6e29\u9971\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u7684\u201c\u8fd8\u8d26\u538b\u529b\u201d\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5f00\u773c\u770b\u4e16\u754c\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u201c\u843d\u540e\u538b\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6e2f\u3001\u6fb3\u3001\u53f0\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b 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lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u519c\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u8c03\u52a8\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb<span lang=\"EN-US\">30<\/span>\u5e74 \u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u201c\u5403\u996d\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u6570\u5e74\u95f4\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5411\u975e\u519c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5176\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u6321\u90fd\u6321\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e5f\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8c03\u52a8\u4e86 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lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<span lang=\"EN-US\">80<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u59cb\u7ec8\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u548c\u4e61\u9547\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u6280\u672f\u6d41\u5165\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u201c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u201d \u5145\u5206\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u5f15\u5916\u8d44\u548c\u6269\u5927\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u56fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u6280\u672f\u77ed\u7f3a\u6240 \u9020\u6210\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u65b0\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u8f6c\u8f68\uff081997\u4ee5\u6765\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001997<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u81f3\u4eca\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u91cc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u65b0\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u5176\u6807\u5fd7\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7531\u5916\u5ef6\u578b\u5411\u5185\u6db5\u578b\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u79d1\u6559\u5174\u56fd\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u3002\u65b0\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u515a\u7684\u5341\u516d\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u575a\u6301\u4ee5\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u5e26\u52a8\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\uff0c\u8d70\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u79d1\u6280\u542b\u91cf\u9ad8\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u597d\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u4f4e\u3001\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u5c11\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u52bf\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u201d\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u56fd\u5185\u544a\u522b\u201c\u77ed\u7f3a\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\u3001\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u4e70\u65b9\u5e02\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u65b9\u5174\u672a\u827e\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u52a0\u5165<span lang=\"EN-US\">WTO<\/span>\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u516d\u5927\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u65b0\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5e02\u573a\u4ece<span lang=\"EN-US\">1997<\/span>\u5e74 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u81ea\u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u201c\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5356\u65b9\u5e02\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5916\u5ef6\u578b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6269\u5f20\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9 \u201c\u8fc7\u5269\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u542b\u91cf\u9ad8\u7684\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u65b0\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u79d1\u6280\u542b\u91cf\u5e95\u7684\u65e5\u7528\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e02\u573a\u9971\u548c\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e61\u9547\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684 \u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u6700\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u519c\u6c11\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u975e\u519c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6240\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4ea7\u6743\u660e\u6670\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u591a\u4f4e\uff08\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u571f\u5730\u7b49\u4ef7\u683c\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff09\uff0c\u5173 \u952e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u6ca1\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8f6c\u53d8\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ecf\u8fc7<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u603b\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2002<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">GDP<\/span>\u603b\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">10.2<\/span>\u4e07\u4ebf\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u63a5\u8fd1<span lang=\"EN-US\">1000<\/span>\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u5e73\u4ef7\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">PPP<\/span>\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u603b\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8dc3\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6548\u76ca\u5374\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u6295\u8d44\u62c9\u52a8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u603b\u91cf\u548c\u8fd9\u6837\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u82e5\u8981\u518d\u7ffb\u4e24\u756a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u8fc7\u53bb<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u589e\u957f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u73af\u5883\u90fd\u5c06\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<span lang=\"EN-US\">90<\/span>\u5e74 \u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u673a\u9047\u548c\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u6293\u4f4f\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u548c\u9ad8\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u5174\u672a\u827e\u7684\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7f29\u77ed\u6280\u672f\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u5206 \u4eab\u5176\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u9ad8\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e00\u7bad\u53cc\u96d5\uff1a\u65e2\u8c03\u6574\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u53c8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5546 \u54c1\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u52a0\u5165<span lang=\"EN-US\">WTO<\/span>\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5173\u7a0e\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u4e5f\u627f\u8bfa\u9010\u6b65\u5411\u5916\u5546\u5f00\u653e\u975e\u8d38\u6613\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5 \u4f7f\u8fc7\u53bb\u4f9d\u9760\u5173\u7a0e\u548c\u975e\u5173\u7a0e\u58c1\u5792\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u53d7\u5230\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u53d7\u5230\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ef7\u683c\u4e5f\u4e0a\u5347\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00 \u4e9b\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u56fd\u9645\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4e3b\u8981\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u9760\u4f4e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6210\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d70\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5916\u8d38\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5fc5\u7531\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u9971\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u548c\u5c0f\u5eb7\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d70\u4e0a\u5bcc\u88d5\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8863\u98df\u4f4f\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6709\u65e0\u7684 \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u201c\u4e09\u65e0\u201d\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u7c97\u7cd9\u3001\u4f4e\u8d28\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u52a3\u8d28\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u903c\u8feb\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fc5\u987b\u8d70 \u89c4\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u6548\u76ca\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u4ece\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7b2c\u4e5d\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u8f6c\u8f68\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u59cb\u7d27\u8feb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e9\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa<span lang=\"EN-US\">80<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">90<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u671f\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201c\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5356\u65b9\u5e02\u573a\u201d\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u4fdd\u62a4\u90fd\u4f7f\u5176\u96be\u4ee5\u8d2f\u5f7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30002001<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\u6708\uff0c \u6731\u9555\u57fa\u5728\u4e5d\u5c4a\u4eba\u5927\u56db\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u6307\u51fa\uff1b\u5341\u4e94\u8ba1\u5212\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8981\u201c\u575a\u6301\u628a\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u8c03\u6574\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u6309\u539f\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7c97\u653e\u589e\u957f\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf \u6d4e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ea7\u54c1\u6ca1\u6709\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u8c03\u6574\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u5feb\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4eca\u540e\u4e94\u5e74\u8981\u7740\u529b\u8c03\u6574\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5730\u533a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u57ce\u4e61\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7279\u522b \u8981\u628a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u8981\u5de9\u56fa\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u519c\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u5de5\u4e1a\u6539\u7ec4\u6539\u9020\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f18\u5316\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u52a0\u5f3a\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa \u8bbe\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2465]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4f1a\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u5341\u4e94\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u7eb2\u8981\uff0c\u5c06\u5b9e\u65bd\u79d1\u6559\u5174\u56fd\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u7f6e\u4e8e\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u63a8\u8fdb\u65b0\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u6218\u7565\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5341\u4e94\u8ba1\u5212\u7eb2 \u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5de5\u4e1a\u6539\u7ec4\u6539\u9020\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u5bfc\u6295\u8d44\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u73b0\u6709\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u76f2\u76ee\u6269\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u575a\u6301\u5f15\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e3b\u521b\u65b0\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u9002 \u7528\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u6539\u9020\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u6325\u52b3\u52a8\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u79ef\u6781\u53d1\u5c55\u9ad8\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u548c\u65b0\u5174\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4ee5\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u5e26\u52a8\u5de5 \u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u540e\u53d1\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">2002<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">10<\/span>\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u516d\u5927\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u548c\u63aa\u65bd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6982\u62ec\u6027\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5217\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u62a5\u544a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">2007<\/span>\u5e74\u4e2d\u5171\u5341\u4e03\u5927\u66f4\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u8f6c\u8f68\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1949<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">100<\/span>\u591a \u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u56e0\u843d\u540e\u800c\u5907\u53d7\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u4fb5\u7565\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u60e8\u75db\u6559\u8bad\u4e2d\u8d77\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u6fc0\u70c8\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff1b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u4e2d \u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u4f17\u591a\u3001\u4eba\u5747\u8d44\u6e90\u8d2b\u4e4f\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8d77\u6b65\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u957f\u671f\u5c06\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u662f\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947 \u602a\u7684\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">60<\/span>\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u773c\u5149\u770b\uff0c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56e0\u679c \u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u5728\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u540e\u8005\u5bf9\u524d\u8005\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u8def\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd \u4e00\u8e74\u800c\u5c31\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u5916\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u770b\uff0c\u4ece<span lang=\"EN-US\">17<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ea7\u751f\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u5185\u6db5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5916\u5ef6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5927\u81f4\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">17<\/span>\uff5e<span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u534a\u671f\uff1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">1900<\/span>\uff5e<span lang=\"EN-US\">1945<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">1945<\/span>\uff5e \u4eca\u5929\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u5bf9\u5185\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u770b\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f9d\u9760\u6b66\u529b\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u6211\u4e3a\u5200\u4fce\u3001\u4eba\u4e3a\u9c7c\u8089\u201d\u9636\u6bb5\uff1b \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u74dc\u5206\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u4f9d\u9760\u6218\u4e89\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u74dc\u5206\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u573a\u5e76\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u60e8\u70c8\u6559\u8bad\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba 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lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u3000\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece1840\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u6b63\u9762\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684169\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5176\u7ecf\u5386\u4e5f\u662f\u75db\u82e6\u800c\u66f2\u6298\u7684\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u548c\u4e2d\u671f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u727a\u7272\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5219\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u7531\u5bf9\u6297\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u5e76\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u5438\u53d6\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u660e\u6210\u679c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4ee5<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e16\u754c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u5165\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5219\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u500d\u53d7\u6b3a\u51cc\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u5371\u4ea1\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000 \u3000\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6b27\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f17\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6218\u540e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e16 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lang=\"EN-US\">1922<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u9488\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u9700\u8981\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u662f\u9700\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u8865\u52a9\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u8865\u52a9\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6210\u5176\u4e3a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bf4\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2466]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001953<\/span>\u5e74 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lang=\"EN-US\">\u3000\u30001978<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u548c\u5e73\u5173\u7cfb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u8ba4\u8bc6\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5236\u5b9a\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u4ece\u5217\u5b81<span 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lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5c01\u9501\u654c\u89c6\uff1b<span lang=\"EN-US\">1975<\/span>\u5e74\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u90fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u80fd\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4ece\u5217\u5b81\u3001\u65af\u5927\u6797\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u9645\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u52a0 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lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2467]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u957f\u671f\u5171\u5b58\u3001\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u884c\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u5927\u95e8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5f15\u8fdb\u56fd\u5185\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6211 \u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u653e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u53bb\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5747\u8d44\u6e90\u975e\u5e38\u532e\u4e4f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\uff0c\u4ec5\u9760\u56fd\u5185\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6539 \u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u4f9d\u5b58\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">60%<\/span>\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a \u62c9\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u8981\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u5229\u7528\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u90a3\u6837\u4f9d\u9760\u6b66\u529b\u53bb\u63a0\u593a\u56fd\u5916 \u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5f00\u62d3\u56fd\u9645\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u56fd\u9664\u4e86\u5b8c\u5584\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u6bd4\u56fd\u5916\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u524d<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u5185\u5927\u91cf\u4e30\u5bcc\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4f4e\u4ef7\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3001\u6c34\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u5f00\u62d3\u56fd\u9645\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6210\u7ee9\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e5f\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u63d0\u9ad8\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f4e\u4ef7\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">2006<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u6cbf\u6d77\u53d1\u8fbe\u5730\u533a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u5de5\u8352\u201d\u5373\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u56fd\u5185\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u65e0\u529b\u7ee7\u7eed\u627f\u8f7d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u603b\u91cf\u5728\u539f\u6709\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u7ffb\u756a\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u8fdb\u53e3\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u94c1\u77ff\u77f3\u5373\u662f\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u53d8\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u79cd\u4f4e\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u9ad8\u6d88\u8017\u578b\u7684\u5916\u5ef6\u6027\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">2003<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9053\u8def\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u521b\u65b0\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56fd\u9645\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">2006<\/span>\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u6307\u6807\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u8282\u80fd\u51cf\u6392\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u89c2\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u6b63\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><b>\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u51e0\u70b9\u542f\u793a<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u6f14\u53d8\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5747\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6781\u5ea6\u532e\u4e4f\u3001\u6240\u5904\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<span lang=\"EN-US\">50<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u6c11\u201c\u52d2\u7d27\u88e4\u8170\u5e26\u201d\u6765\u52a0\u5feb\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u3001\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u843d\u540e\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u60ef\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6709\u5229\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e0d\u5229\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u53bb\u5229\u7528\u3001\u53bb\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53bb\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd<span lang=\"EN-US\">60<\/span>\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u8bef\u548c\u4e0d\u5c3d\u4eba\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u5229\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5229\u5f0a\u5f97\u5931\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u63a9\u76d6\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8981\u907f\u514d\u9677\u5165\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u4e07\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u8bef\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4ece<span lang=\"EN-US\">1949<\/span>\u5e74\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u8d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5747\u8d44\u6e90\u532e\u4e4f\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u683c\u5c40\u4ea7\u751f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5229\u76ca\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u613f\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6b22\u8fce\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb<span lang=\"EN-US\">60<\/span>\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u538b\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6597\u4e89\u8fd8\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div>\n<div id=\"ftn1\">\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2460]<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\uff1a\u7f57\u8363\u6e20\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u201c\u897f\u5316\u201d\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c14-15\u9875\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1990\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2461]<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u300a\u9a6c\u5bc5\u521d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bba\u6587\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u4e0a\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c346\u9875\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn3\">\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2462]<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0 1958<\/span>\u5e74\u6309\u7167<span lang=\"EN-US\">1957<\/span>\u5e74\u4e0d\u53d8\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u5219\u6309<span lang=\"EN-US\">1970<\/span>\u5e74\u4e0d\u53d8\u4ef7\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn4\">\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2463]<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u9a6c\u6d2a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e8b\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c571\u9875\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1982\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn5\">\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2464]<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\uff0c250\u9875\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn6\">\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2465]<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u6731\u9555\u57fa\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7b2c\u5341\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u7eb2\u8981\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c2001\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn7\">\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2466]<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u300a\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e94\u5e74\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u524d\u9014\u300b\uff081922\u5e7411\u670813\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u5217\u5b81\u8bba\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c200\u9875\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn8\">\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">[\u2467]<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff1a\u300a\u5728\u519b\u59d4\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c1985\u5e746\u67084\u65e5\u3002\u300a\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\uff0c126\u2014127\u9875\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u5728 \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd 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