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\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u96c6\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u662f\u6307\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b63\u5e38\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u884c\u4e3a\u201d[13]\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u201d\u662f\u5176\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u201c\u96c6\u7fa4\u201d\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u805a\u96c6\u800c\u6210\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u201d\u5219\u662f\u6709\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u897f\u65b9\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u9610\u91ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5355\u5149\u9f10\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u8bc9\u6c42\u3001\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b58\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u90fd\u8981\u6bd4\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u5f31\u5f97\u591a[14]\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5168\u90e8\u5212\u5165\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90e8\u5206\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u7fa4\u201d;\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5355\u5149\u9f10\u5bf9\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u9886\u57df\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u54f2\u5b66\u201d(philosophy of action)\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u5728\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766(Ludwig Wittgenstein)\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5206\u652f;\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u201d(action)\u548c\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d(behavior)\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u6709\u65e0\u201c\u610f\u5411\u6027\u201d(intentionality)\u3002\u884c\u52a8\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u5411\u6027\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u3002[15]\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c24\u6839\u00b7\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u66fe\u505a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u533a\u522b\u201d\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ed6\u201c\u5728\u80af\u5b9a\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u9075\u5b88\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u201d[16]\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u5219\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u3001\u6563\u4e71\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5f81;\u52a0\u4e4b\uff0c\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u201d\u4e0e\u7531\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u7fa4\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u6709\u5dee\u5f02;\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f2004\u5e74\u91cd\u5e86\u201c\u4e07\u5dde\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u548c2005\u5e74\u5b89\u5fbd\u201c\u6c60\u5dde\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f2008\u5e74\u8d35\u5dde\u201c\u74ee\u5b89\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u548c2009\u5e74\u6e56\u5317\u201c\u77f3\u9996\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9488\u5bf9\u515a\u653f\u673a\u5173\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91cd\u5728\u53d1\u6cc4\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u5b66\u672f\u4e25\u8083\u6027\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5ba3\u6cc4\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6b64\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f52\u7eb3\u63d0\u70bc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5ba3\u6cc4\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u4e0b\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u7531\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e34\u65f6\u805a\u96c6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5076\u5408\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u53d7\u5916\u754c\u523a\u6fc0\u800c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u3001\u91cd\u5728\u53d1\u6cc4\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3a\u201c\u5076\u5408\u7fa4\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u65bd\u8005\u7531\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u7275\u6d89\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u8bc9\u6c42\u3001\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u5c42\u751a\u81f3\u7d20\u4e0d\u76f8\u8bc6\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e34\u65f6\u805a\u96c6\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u548c\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u6b62\u540e\u4fbf\u81ea\u52a8\u6563\u5f00\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u91cd\u5f52\u832b\u832b\u4eba\u6d77\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u67d0\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u65c1\u4eba\u6311\u5506\u6216\u67d0\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u7b56\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5e76\u672a\u6536\u5230\u660e\u786e\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u5916\u754c\u5f71\u54cd\u81ea\u613f\u52a0\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d1\u6cc4\u90c1\u79ef\u4e8e\u80f8\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u548c\u6028\u6068\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u7eea\u7531\u4e8e\u53d7\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u523a\u6fc0(\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22)\u800c\u88ab\u70b9\u71c3\u5316\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u63a7\u3002\u5728\u8c23\u8a00\u548c\u6697\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u4e0b\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u8d8b\u4e8e\u60c5\u7eea\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u7ba1\u6cbb\u65e0\u672f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e38\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u63a7\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6253\u7838\u62a2\u70e7\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7eb5\u89c2\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u7406\u4e0a\u53ef\u5206\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u96c6\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3a\u201c\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53(\u96c6\u4f53)\u201d\u3001\u7740\u773c\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u201d(\u201cthe collective actions based on the resolve to demand their interests\u201d);\u540e\u8005\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u591a\u6570\u4eba(\u96c6\u7fa4)\u3001\u91cd\u5728\u91ca\u653e\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u53ef\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5ba3\u6cc4\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\u201d(\u201cthe crowd behaviors based on the emotions to express their discontentment\u201d)\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

* \u4f5c\u8005\u4e3a\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u7f16\u8f91(\u8bb0\u8005)\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u2460] BERT USEEM. Breakdown Theories of Collective Action[J ] . Annu. Rev. Social ,1998. 24.<\/p>\n

[\u2461] \u8d75\u9f0e\u65b0\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bb2\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c2\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u2462] \u738b\u56fd\u52e4\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8c31\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248)\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u2463] \u6587\u7389\u4f2f\uff1a\u300a\u4e07\u5dde\u7a81\u53d1\u4e07\u4eba\u9a9a\u52a8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u51e4\u51f0\u5468\u520a\u300b2004\u5e7431\u671f(\u603b164\u671f)\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u2464] \u738b\u5409\u9646\uff1a\u300a\u6c60\u5dde\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8c03\u67e5\uff1a\u6c7d\u8f66\u649e\u4eba\u4f55\u4ee5\u53d8\u6210\u6253\u7838\u62a2?\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u90fd\u5e02\u62a5\u300b2005\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u2465] \u4e01\u8865\u4e4b\uff1a\u300a\u74ee\u5b89\u6eaf\u6e90\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u300b2009\u5e747\u670813\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u2466] \u6b27\u9633\u6d2a\u4eae\uff1a\u300a\u77f3\u9996\u7684\u6124\u6012\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8d22\u7ecf\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c14\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u2467] \u738b\u56fd\u52e4\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8c31\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248)\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u2468] \u8983\u7231\u73b2\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u6563\u6b65\u201d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u66b4\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u5355\u5149\u9f10\u4e13\u8bbf\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u300b2009\u5e741\u670814\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u2469] \u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8bed\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8bcd\u5178\u7f16\u8f91\u5ba4\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99862005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c640\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[11] \u5434\u6c5f\u9716\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c212\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

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