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1.\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53ca\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n

1.1 \u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\u5e94\u5f53\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u62db\u4eba\uff0c\u603b\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u62db\u8058\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u62db\u8058\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4e86\u62db\u8058\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5f00\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u62db\u8058\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u5386\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c97\u4f4d\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4ece\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u62db\u8058\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u786e\u65e0\u53ef\u539a\u975e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5c06\u5e94\u8058\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u62db\u8058\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5e94\u8058\u8005\u7684\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6237\u7c4d\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u8840\u578b\u3001\u76f8\u8c8c\u3001\u8eab\u9ad8\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\u662f\u5e94\u8058\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u5929\u52aa\u529b\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u62db\u8058\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u800c\u5e94\u8058\u8005\u7684\u5b66\u5386\u3001\u624d\u80fd\u4e43\u81f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u5929\u52aa\u529b\u6765\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5e94\u8058\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u53ef\u539a\u975e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u62db\u8058\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62db\u8058\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5c97\u4f4d\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u4e1a\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u6beb\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\u5bf9\u5f85\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e94\u8058\u8005\u3002\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7b50\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u6240\u6709\u62db\u8058\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u5f80\u91cc\u9762\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 \u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n

1.2.1 \u5e7f\u4e49\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u4e0e\u72ed\u4e49\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4ece\u6a2a\u5411\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6240\u505a\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u6307\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9886\u57df\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u6216\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u800c\u72ed\u4e49\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u6307\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e3a\u65e2\u5b9a\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7279\u5f81\u6240\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u6240\u533a\u5206\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u4f9d\u636e\u7fa4\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u6216\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2.2 \u5e02\u573a\u524d\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4ece\u6a2a\u5411\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6240\u505a\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u524d\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u5dee\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u6307\u76f8\u540c\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u5f55\u7528\u3001\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u53ca\u664b\u5347\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u906d\u5230\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u505a\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2.3 \u95f4\u63a5\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6<\/p>\n

\u95f4\u63a5\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u6307\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u96c7\u4f63\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e2d\u7acb\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5374\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d7\u7279\u522b\u4fdd\u62a4\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6b67\u89c6\u6848\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\u96c7\u4e3b\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u96c7\u4f63\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u540e\u679c\u800c\u975e\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e0a\u8f83\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684Griggs v. Duke Power Co.\u4e00\u6848\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9ad8\u5b66\u5386\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eba\u7fa4\u5f80\u5f80\u5b66\u5386\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5b66\u5386\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5f55\u7528\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u88ab\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6784\u6210\u6b67\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u80a4\u8272\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u539f\u56fd\u7c4d\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u5f85\uff08\u5982\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0d\u540c\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6216\u798f\u5229\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u660e\u663e\u7684\u770b\u51fa\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u6545\u610f\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b58\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u5728\u62db\u8058\u5e7f\u544a\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u62d2\u7edd\u96c7\u7528\u5973\u6027\u6216\u662f\u96c7\u4e3b\u62d2\u7edd\u7ed9\u4e88\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5927\u8005\u5347\u804c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5f53\u96c7\u4e3b\u5bf9\u53d7\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u7279\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u6c42\u804c\u4eba\u6216\u53d7\u96c7\u4eba\u5728\u96c7\u7528\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u53cc\u91cd\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u76f4\u63a5\u6b67\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n

2.1 \u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u89c6\u89d2\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u6b67\u5730\u57df\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u4f53\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u6b67\u89c6\uff08\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u9762\u8c8c\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u51fa\u8eab\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u6027\u8d28\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u88681.1\u4e3b\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u6536\u5165\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff08w\u5973\/w\u7537\uff09<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u7f8e\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0 0.67<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u65e5\u672c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0 0.58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u6cd5\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00 .59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u5fb7\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u82f1\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u745e\u5178<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.77<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u5965\u5730\u5229<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.74<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u745e\u58eb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u6ce2\u5170<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u4f0a\u6717<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u4e2d\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u5370\u5ea6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u5df4\u897f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0\u5357\u975e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a00.45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a \u56fd\u9645\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e74\u92742004\u300b\u3001\u300a2004\u5e74\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u6574\u7406<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u90fd\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u6536\u5165\u666e\u904d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u6536\u5165\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e89\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7a46\u52d2\u6240\u8bf4\u201c\u4e0e\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u558a\u53eb\u2018\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u7b49\u76f8\u6bd4\u2019\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u7537\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u4e5f\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4e0a50%\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u7537\u5b50\u5de5\u8d44\u62a5\u916c\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u5b50\u768458%\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u88d4\u7537\u5b50\u5360\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u5b50\u768466%\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f53\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u6b67\u89c6\u4e5f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u80af\u5b9a\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u5e73\u5747\u6bd4\u76f8\u8c8c\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u4eba\u6536\u5165\u9ad85%\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u8c8c\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u6536\u5165\u9ad85%\u2014\u201410%.\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f53\u91cd\u8d85\u5e38\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u8981\u6bd4\u4f53\u91cd\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u5c11\u62ff35%\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5c31\u4e1a\u56e0\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u9762\u8c8c\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u51fa\u8eab\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u89d2\u8272\u6027\u8d28\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u5dee\u522b\u6027\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u6216\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5fb7\u6c83\u91d1\u8bf4\u8fc7\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u201d[6]<\/p>\n

2.2 \u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u201c\u6211\u56fd\u89c6\u89d2\u201d<\/p>\n

2003\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u5e94\u5c4a\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u5468\u4e00\u8d85\u53c2\u52a0\u5609\u5174\u5e02\u79c0\u6d32\u533a\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u56e0\u5728\u4f53\u68c0\u65f6\u88ab\u67e5\u51fa\u4e59\u809d\u201c\u5c0f\u4e09\u9633\u201d\u672a\u88ab\u5f55\u53d6\uff0c\u607c\u6012\u4e2d\u6740\u6b7b\u533a\u4eba\u4e8b\u52b3\u52a8\u5c40\u4e00\u540d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u523a\u4f24\u4e00\u4eba\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u5468\u4e00\u8d85\u88ab\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\u30022005\u5e746\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u957f\u6c99\u5e02\u96e8\u82b1\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u6e56\u5357\u5a04\u5e95\u8003\u751f\u5e38\u8def\uff08\u5316\u540d\uff09\u72b6\u544a\u7701\u56fd\u7a0e\u5c40\u884c\u653f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\u6b63\u5f0f\u7acb\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a1\u670817\u65e5\u4eba\u4e8b\u90e8\u3001\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u9881\u53d1\u300a\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u5f55\u7528\u4f53\u68c0\u901a\u7528\u6807\u51c6\uff0811\u6708\u8bd5\u884c\uff09\u300b\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6848\u3002\u67d0\u5730\u6c34\u7535\u5de5\u7a0b\u5c4010\u540d\u5973\u5de5\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u5411\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5973\u5de5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u96c6\u4f53\u79bb\u5a5a\u5462\uff1f\u6c34\u7535\u5c40\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u5236\u5de5\u4eba\u65e0\u914d\u5076\u7684\u624d\u53ef\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7eed\u7b7e\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u3002\u4e3a\u53d6\u5f97\u52b3\u52a8\u8d44\u683c\uff0c10\u540d\u5df2\u5a5a\u5973\u5de5\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u6297\u8bae\u201c\u5a5a\u59fb\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u5c31\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6b67\u89c6\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u57ce\u4e61\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u6700\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u4ece\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6d41\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u8fc1\u79fb\u6210\u672c\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u5e73\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u81ea\u4e3b\u62e9\u4e1a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u5e26\u6765\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u5143\u5206\u5272\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u969c\u788d\u6709\u6096\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u673a\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u56e0\u590d\u6742\u800c\u540e\u53c8\u4e0e\u6211\u56fd\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u4fdd\u62a4\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5360\u636e\u6211\u56fd\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e02\u573a\u76f8\u5f53\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u5229\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u5c42\u9762\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u91cd\u91cd\u969c\u788d\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u3002\u5176\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u57ce\u4e61\u6709\u522b\u3001\u5f02\u5730\u6392\u65a5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u62db\u8058\u5e7f\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6709\u5173\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u62db\u6536\u6587\u79d8\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6c42\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u572822\u5c81\uff5e28\u5c81\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u51fa\u73b0\u5e74\u8f7b\u5316\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u62db\u8058\u65f6\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u82db\u523b\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6c42\u804c\u8005\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u62db\u8058\u5458\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u4eba\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u9650\u5b9a\u572835\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u6709\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u91c7\u7528\u5f3a\u8feb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u53d7\u96c7\u8005\u81ea\u52a8\u79bb\u804c\u6216\u8005\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u53d7\u96c7\u8005\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5176\u5347\u8fc1\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad8\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u666e\u904d\u5acc\u77ee\u7231\u9ad8\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8eab\u6750\u6b20\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u6b64\u975e\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u800c\u8eab\u9ad8\u591a\u7531\u9057\u4f20\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u3002\u6709\u7684\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u62db\u8058\u516c\u544a\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6c42\u804c\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u505a\u51fa\u786c\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad8\u672a\u201c\u8fbe\u6807\u201d\u7684\u6c42\u804c\u8005\uff0c\u8fde\u9762\u8bd5\u673a\u4f1a\u90fd\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u67d0\u5730\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6559\u5e08\u804c\u4e1a\u8d44\u683c\u65f6\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u8eab\u9ad8160\u5398\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u4e0d\u5f97\u5f53\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u5236\u8eab\u9ad8160\u5398\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8fdb\u5165\u6559\u5e08\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bb8\u591a\u6388\u8bfe\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u4e0b\u5c97\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u8005\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u201d\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u52302003\u5e744\u6708\u4efd\u6d59\u6c5f\u5609\u5174\u7684\u5468\u4e00\u8d85\u6740\u4eba\u6848\u53d1\u751f\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u8d77\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u7ea6\u67091.2\u4ebf\u4eba\u662f\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u4e13\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u7279\u6b8a\u884c\u4e1a\u5916\uff0c\u6162\u6027\u4e59\u578b\u809d\u708e\u75c5\u6bd2\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u53ef\u7167\u5e38\u53c2\u52a0\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u5f55\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f53\u68c0\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u9650\u5236\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u643a\u5e26\u8005\u7684\u5f55\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u9690\u542b\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u754c\u5c06\u5176\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u73bb\u7483\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u201d\u3002\u79ef\u6dc0\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u4e0d\u4f46\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u80a1\u9006\u6d41\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u878d\u5165\u5168\u7403\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u5feb\u5236\u5b9a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e02\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u72b6\u51b5<\/p>\n

3.1\u00a0 \u7f8e\u56fd<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u672a\u5fc5\u5b8c\u5168\u9002\u5408\u6211\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u5236\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u65e5\u540e\u5236\u8ba2\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

1963\u5e74\u540c\u916c\u6cd5\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7acb\u6cd5\u30021963\u5e74\u540c\u916c\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5bf9\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53d7\u96c7\u4eba\u56e0\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u6b67\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n

1964\u5e74\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u3001\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u5f97\u56e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u80a4\u8272\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u6027\u522b\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u56fd\u7c4d\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e88\u4ee5\u96c7\u7528\u6216\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u96c7\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f85\u9047\u7b49\u96c7\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7ed9\u4e88\u5dee\u522b\u5f85\u9047\u30021991\u5e74\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u65b0\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89c4\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u51cf\u8f7b\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6848\u4ef6\u539f\u544a\u7684\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u53cd\u5411\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5ef6\u957f\u63d0\u8d77\u201c\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u5e74\u85aa\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u65f6\u6548\u671f\u95f4\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u786e\u7acb\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u201c\u5883\u5916\u9002\u7528\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u5f3a\u5316\u201c\u6551\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2\u00a0 \u8377\u5170<\/p>\n

\u8377\u5170\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u5baa\u6cd5\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u548c\u6d88\u9664\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u8df5\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u8f83\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u5176\u5b83\u5404\u79cd\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u3001\u4e13\u95e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u56fd\u7c4d\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u6b67\u89c6\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u590d\u5408\u6b67\u89c6\u73b0\u8c61\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u81ea\u89c9\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5c65\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u5f53\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u591f\u5b8c\u5584\u6216\u8005\u6807\u51c6\u8f83\u4f4e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u6216\u6b27\u76df\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8f83\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u60c5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5408\u529b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6d88\u9664\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u73b0\u8c61\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

1975\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u5173\u7537\u5973\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\u3001\u540c\u5de5\u540c\u916c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e3a\u8d2f\u5f7b\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u5b9a\u53cd\u6b67\u89c6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c06\u53cd\u6b67\u89c6\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ece\u7537\u5973\u540c\u5de5\u540c\u916c\u9010\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5404\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u62db\u8058\u3001\u5408\u540c\u671f\u9650\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u96c7\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u30021994\u5e74\u8377\u5170\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\u6cd5\u300b\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u5b9e\u65bd\u673a\u6784\u2014\u2014\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u6b67\u89c6\u5411\u7740\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u9614\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c2000\u5e74\uff0c\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\uff08\u7b2c43\u53f7\uff09\u300a\u79cd\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u6307\u4ee4\u300b\u548c\uff08\u7b2c78\u53f7\uff09\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u6846\u67b6\u6307\u4ee4\u300b\uff0c\u6b8b\u75be\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u5168\u804c\u5de5\u6b67\u89c6\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7981\u6b62\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u5206\u522b\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u957f\u671f\u96c7\u4f63\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u96c7\u4f63\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\u6cd5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6b8b\u75be\u4e0e\u6162\u6027\u75c5\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\u6cd5\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u96c7\u4f63\u4e2d\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2004\u5e74\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u300a\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5c06\u5e74\u9f84\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7eb3\u5165\u8be5\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6b27\u76df\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b67\u89c6\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb\u7531\u539f\u544a\u5411\u88ab\u544a\u65b9\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u5728\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

3.3 \u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u56fd\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7acb\u6cd5<\/p>\n

1998\u5e74\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u540c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u9762\u7981\u6b62\u6839\u636e\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u6027\u8d8b\u5411\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6b8b\u75be\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5e73\u7b49\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u4e2a\u4eba\u6295\u8bc9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f00\u5c55\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u5e73\u7b49\u4e8b\u52a1\u8c03\u67e5\u5904\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u8c03\u67e5\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u8865\u507f\u88c1\u51b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u603b\u989d\u3002\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e73\u6743\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u8d77\u8349\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9999\u6e2f1995\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5e73\u7b49\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4e13\u95e8\u6cd5\u4ee4\u76d1\u7ba1\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u5730\u533a\u8fd8\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u7acb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u6765\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u8fdb\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u300a\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c97\u4f4d\u6b67\u89c6\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6b8b\u75be\u6b67\u89c6\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u53bb\u5e743\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8d38\u5de5\u90e8\u5411\u8bae\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u201c2006\u5e74\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\uff08\u5e74\u9f84\uff09\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u4f8b\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u5e74\u9f84\u6b67\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u5973\u4eba\u4e00\u65e6\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5c31\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u9000\u4f11\u6bd4\u7537\u4eba\u65e9\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u57281985\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u96c7\u4f63\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53cd\u6b67\u89c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u6211\u56fd\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5<\/p>\n

4.1.\u73b0\u884c\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u6784\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c33\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9762\u524d\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u539f\u5219\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c42\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c4\u6761\u3001\u7b2c36\u6761\u3001\u7b2c48\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u6cd5\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u7b49\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c6\u6761\u548c\u7b2c7\u6761\u4e5f\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c12\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u56e0\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d7\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\uff1b\u7b2c13\u6761\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5987\u5973\u4eab\u6709\u4e0e\u7537\u5b50\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u5f55\u7528\u804c\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5de5\u79cd\u6216\u5c97\u4f4d\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u6027\u522b\u4e3a\u7531\u62d2\u7edd\u5f55\u7528\u5987\u5973\u6216\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u7684\u5f55\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u5355\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5982\u300a\u5987\u5973\u6743\u76ca\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u300b\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u7740\u5e73\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u6743\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2\u00a0 \u6211\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5148\u8fdb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/p>\n

4.2.1.\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f20\u5148\u8457\u6848\uff0c\u5468\u4e00\u8d85\u6848\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5173\u6ce8\u30022004\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5341\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5bfc\u5e08\u5468\u6d2a\u5b87\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5c3d\u5feb\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u201d\u30022005\u5e743\u6708 \uff0c\u5468\u6d2a\u5b87\u518d\u6b21\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u4e09\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5c3d\u5feb\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u201d\u30022005\u5e74\u201c\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4\u201d\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u5185\u768424\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5341\u51e0\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u8377\u5170\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u8ba1\u5212\u75283\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 2006\u5e7412\u6708\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u4f1a\u540c\u5317\u5927\u3001\u6e05\u534e\u3001\u4eba\u5927\u7b49\u9ad8\u6821\u5728\u56fd\u5c55\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u62db\u8058\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5ba3\u4f20\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u56fd\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u5219\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u65e0\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u914d\u5957\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9e\u96be\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u81f4\u4f7f\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\uff0c\u5176\u6848\u4f8b\u4fef\u62fe\u7686\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u6211\u56fd\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u70b9\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u95f4\u63a5\u6027\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u7acb\u6cd5\u7b49\u7ea7\u4f4e\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u6682\u884c\u6027\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u5730\u65b9\u5dee\u522b\u5927\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u5c06\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2.2.\u4e16\u754c\u5148\u8fdb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u6027\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u6237\u7c4d\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4e88\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u6839\u636e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u51fa\u8eab\u751a\u81f3\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4eab\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5212\u5206\u4e0e\u6211\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u7b49\u7ea7\u6587\u5316\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6697\u5408\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u4ece\u8eab\u4efd\u5230\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5bf9\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6784\u6210\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u5b58\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u9274\u7f8e\u56fd\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u90e8\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5012\u7f6e\u3001\u6c42\u804c\u8005\u548c\u53d7\u96c7\u8005\u6743\u5229\u3001\u96c7\u4e3b\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u6551\u6d4e\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u8be6\u5c3d\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u53f8\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u4fdd\u969c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u884c\u653f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u65e0\u6687\u987e\u53ca\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u4fdd\u969c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u5c55\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6838\u5b9e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u5b9a\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9a\u671f\u6c47\u62a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u7406\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u7533\u8bc9\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5411\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u53ca\u5176\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u7acb\u6cd5\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u7b56<\/p>\n

5.1.\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u5219\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u65e0\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u914d\u5957\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u53c8\u4f7f\u73b0\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b58\u5728\u6267\u884c\u96be\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\u4ef6\u6216\u7eb7\u4e89\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4ece\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u4e0e\u5236\u7ea6\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u76f8\u914d\u5957\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u6765\u51c0\u5316\u5c31\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5c31\u4e1a\u5408\u7406\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5236\u5b9a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5f25\u8865\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff0c\u5c06\u6b67\u89c6\u95ee\u9898\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u8303\u56f4\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u3002\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u660e\u663e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7acb\u6848\uff0c\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6551\u6d4e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e2d\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u5173\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u5236\u5b9a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d88\u6781\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e3a\u6d88\u9664\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u91c7\u53d6\u79ef\u6781\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u516c\u7ea6\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u52a0\u5165\u516c\u7ea6\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\u56fd\u201c\u91c7\u53d6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4f7f\u8be5\u516c\u7ea6\u548c\u5404\u9879\u6761\u6b3e\u751f\u6548\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u4e3a\u5c65\u884c\u516c\u7ea6\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u673a\u4f1a\u5747\u7b49\u548c\u5f85\u9047\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u90e8\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u95ee\u9898\u94fa\u5e73\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5c31\u4e1a\u662f\u6c11\u751f\u4e4b\u672c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6b67\u89c6\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u73b0\u65f6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5176\u6539\u5584\u4eca\u540e\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u5c31\u4e1a\u4ee5\u5916\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5747\u7b49\u548c\u5f85\u9047\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

5.2.\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u5408\u6211\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u56fd\u5916\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u52a0\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u539f\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6b3e\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u9996\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u201c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u516c\u7ea6\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u6211\u56fd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u8be5\u6db5\u76d6\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u95ee\u9898\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n

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6.\u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n

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\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u662f\u843d\u5b9e\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5f53\u7136\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u5e73\u7b49\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u5c3a\uff0c\u662f\u8d76\u4e0a\u56fd\u9645\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n

[1] Charles Hollon.Discrimination in Employment Provisions in the Mexican Federal Labor Law[J].Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal\uff0c1998\uff0c11\uff081\uff09\uff1a22<\/p>\n

[2] David C. Wyld\uff0cSam D. Cappel\uff0cJames Reagan McLaurin.The abortion issue and Title VII employment discrimination\uff1a The microcosm of the law[J].International Journal of Value-Based Management\uff0c1990\uff0c3\uff082\uff09\uff1a55<\/p>\n

[3] Discrimination \uff08employment and occupation\uff09 Convention\uff08No.111\uff09 and its accompanying recommendation\uff08No.111\uff09 [M].1985<\/p>\n

[4] John David Skrentny.Pragmatism\uff0c institutionalism\uff0c and the construction of employment discrimination[J].Sociological Forum\uff0c1994\uff0c9\uff083\uff09\uff1a44<\/p>\n

[5] Stephen M. Crow\uff0c Lillian Y. Fok\uff0cSandra J. Hartman.Who is at Greatest Risk of Work-Related Discrimination\u2014Women\uff0c Blacks\uff0c or Homosexuals\uff1f [J].Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal\uff0c1998\uff0c11\uff081\uff09\uff1a12<\/p>\n

[6] Susan Sturm.Handbook of employment discrimination Research[M]\uff0cSpringer Netherlands 2005\uff0c1\uff1a35~57<\/p>\n

[7] 85.5%\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b67\u89c6\u96c6\u4f53\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6[N].\u5317\u4eac\u6668\u62a5\uff0c2007-1-5<\/p>\n

[8] \u80e1\u7389\u9e3f\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u6280\u672f[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002.45~32<\/p>\n

[9] \u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u90e8\u52b3\u52a8\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u9009[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u51fa\u7248\u793e1999.88~97<\/p>\n

[10] \u674e\u8587\u8587\uff0cLisa Stearns \u4e3b\u7f16\u3002\u7981\u6b62\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u5b9e\u8df5[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006.55~60<\/p>\n

[11] \u51cc\u950b\u3002\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5e94\u6c89\u9ed8[N].\u6cd5\u5236\u65e5\u62a5\uff0c2005-06-20.<\/p>\n

\u738b\u76ca\u82f1\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001.33~22<\/p>\n

[12] \u4e0a\u6d77\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u5317\u5927\u6e05\u534e\u5e94\u5148\u5398\u6e05\u4f55\u4e3a\u201c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u201d[N].\u5317\u4eac\u9752\u5e74\u62a5\uff0c2006-12-14<\/p>\n

[13] \u738b\u6625\u5149\u3002\u8377\u5170\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a 2007-3-28<\/p>\n

[14] \u5434\u5fe0\u6c11\u3002\u6b67\u89c6\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6b67\u89c6[J].\u6c5f\u6d77\u5b66\u520a\uff0c2003\uff0c1\uff1a7~8<\/p>\n

[15] \u8bb8\u5b97\u529b\u3002\u6cd5\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b[M].\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6708\u65e6\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1998.64<\/p>\n

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[17] \u4f5a\u540d\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u79f0\u56fd\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u96c6\u4f53\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6[N].\u5317\u4eac\u6668\u62a5\uff0c2007-1-5<\/p>\n

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