\u4e00\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u53ca\u610f\u4e49<\/p>\n
\u5728\u54c1\u8bfb\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u5b9e\u73b0\u516c\u6c11\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u8bbf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6797\u5609\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u3002\u8457\u540d\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u4e13\u5bb6\u6797\u5609\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u8fd8\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff09\u8c08\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u4e0e\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u51b3\u5b9a\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u90e8\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f31\uff0c\u5728\u5c06\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5316\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5b9a\u5982\u6743\u5229\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u6765\u4e3b\u5f20\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u7eb2\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u5ba3\u793a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u6cd5\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e13\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5c06\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u8349\u6848\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u6c11\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8fd8\u5e94\u5f88\u5f85\u7ec6\u5316\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u76d1\u7763\u68c0\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u3002[\u2461]\u6797\u5609\u6559\u6388\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8bc4\u8ff0\uff0c\u900f\u89c6\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u75c7\u7ed3\u6240\u5728[\u2462].\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u60d1\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u8ba9\u6211\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u601d\u8003\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6797\u5609\u6559\u6388\u8c08\u5230\u201c\u7f3a\u5c11\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5b9a\u5982\u6743\u5229\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u6765\u4e3b\u5f20\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u201d\u201c\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u7eb2\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u5ba3\u793a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u6cd5\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e13\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5c06\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7ec6\u81f4\u5316\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5316\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u914d\u5957\u6027\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u5f53\u4e0b[\u2463]\u6216\u8005\u4eca\u540e\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\uff08\u7f3a\u5c11\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5b9a\u5982\u6743\u5229\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u6765\u4e3b\u5f20\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u7eb2\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u5ba3\u793a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u6cd5\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e13\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5c06\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3002\uff09\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ed3\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u6216\u7acb\u6cd5\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u201d\u548c\u201c\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\uff08job training partnership act\uff0c JTPA\uff09\u201d\u3002\u7b49\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u4f5c\u8fdb\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u63d0\u70bc\u3002\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u5f97\u501f\u9274\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7f6e\u6362\u3001\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u63a2\u5bfb\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5316\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u3001\u7ec6\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u9002\u7528\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u53ca\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b97\u65e8<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0cJOBS\uff09\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cbf\u9769<\/p>\n
\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u6cd5\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u4ea7\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c3d\u91cf\u8981\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u65f6\u7a7a\uff0c\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u5ba1\u89c6\u5176\u7acb\u6cd5\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7cbe\u795e\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u3001\u6545\u610f\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u201c\u5185\u5728\u5730\u3001\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5730\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u201d \u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u4e43\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u610f\u5fd7\u3002[\u2464]\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0cJOBS\uff09\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002[\u2465]\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8003\u8651\u3002[\u2466]\u81ea\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5e2e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u6709\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u5dde\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5e2e\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u7136\u540e\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u672a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6709\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5373AFDC\uff08aid to families with dependent children\uff09\u30021996\u5e74\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c06AFDC\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u6574\u7b14\u62e8\u6b3e\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6551\u52a9\uff08Temporary assistance for needy families \uff0cTANF\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u4e88\u73b0\u91d1\u6551\u6d4e\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u5230\u7167\u987e\u3002[\u2467]<\/p>\n
20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5dde\u89c4\u8303\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u7236\u6bcd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5931\u53bb\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e2e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u6b8b\u75be\u7684\u6216\u8005\u79bb\u5f02\u6216\u906d\u5230\u629b\u5f03\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u79f0\u4f5c\u5bf9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u6216\u8005\u6d25\u8d34\uff08mother pensions\uff09\u3002[\u2468]\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u5e2e\u52a9\u672a\u72ec\u7acb\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5728\u5bb6\u7167\u770b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6bcd\u4eb2\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u7236\u4eb2\u5de5\u4f5c\u652f\u4ed8\u5b69\u5b50\u629a\u517b\u8d39\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u7b49\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002[\u2469]\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6b63\u598220\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u628a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6446\u8131\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002[11] \u5f53\u65e7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53c8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f15\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u514b\u670d\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4f7f\u4eba\u590d\u5174\u201d\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u800c\u6446\u8131\u8d2b\u56f0\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bae\u4e8b\u65e5\u7a0b\u3002[12]\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc7\u5206\u5173\u5fc3\u6536\u5165\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\u3002[13]\u540c\u6837\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bcc\u88d5\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u5173\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u624d\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002[14]\u56e0\u4e3a\u968f\u7740AFDC\u540d\u5355\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u91cd\u70b9\u53c8\u4e00\u7684\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5173\u6ce8\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u9f13\u52b1\u4f60\u4eec\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53bb\u4f9d\u8d56\u6551\u6d4e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed9\u4e88\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u66f4\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u798f\u5229\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002[15]<\/p>\n
\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u5907\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u56fd\u4f1a\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0cJOBS\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a1988\u5e74\u5bb6\u5ead\u652f\u6301\u6cd5\uff08family support act \uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0cJOBS \u8ba1\u5212\u8bd5\u56fe\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4efd\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u798f\u5229\u9886\u53d6\u8005\u95f4\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06AFDC\u8ba1\u5212\u4ece\u73b0\u91d1\u6551\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002[16]\u5b83\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86WIN \u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\uff08Job Tranining partnership act JTPA\uff09\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u914d\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0cJOBS\uff09\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8bc9\u6c42<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e0a\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5386\u53f2\u6cbf\u9769\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u672a\u72ec\u7acb\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8ba1\u5212AFDC\uff08aid to families with dependent children\uff09\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0cJOBS\uff09\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u96be\u6316\u6398\u5176\u4e2d\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u672a\u72ec\u7acb\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u5f85\u5728\u5bb6\u7167\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u672a\u72ec\u7acb\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8ba1\u5212AFDC\uff08aid to families with dependent children\uff09\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u7236\u6bcd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u6765\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97\u8ba1\u5212\u6ca1\u53d1\u6325\u539f\u6765\u6240\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u671f\u5f85\u503c\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\u4ef7\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\uff0c\u5374\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u662fAFDC\uff08aid to families with dependent children\uff09\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0b\u7684\u540d\u5355\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5374\u53c8\u7ed9\u4e88\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u6551\u6d4e\u5e2e\u52a9\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u5c31\u4e0d\u7684\u8feb\u4f7f\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5e73\u8861\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002[17]<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8003\u8651\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u8005\u4ef7\u503c\u8ffd\u6c42\u5c31\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u6539\u53d8\u201c\u798f\u5229\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u8d2b\u56f0\u2014\u2014\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u5230\u4f9d\u8d56\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e14\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e4b\u81ea\u7acb\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u66f4\u6709\u5927\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002[18] \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u5c31\u56e0\u5e94\u800c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u5b9e\u6548<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u5907\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06AFDC\u8ba1\u5212\u4ece\u73b0\u91d1\u6551\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002[19]<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7AFDC\u2014UP\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u4e00\u822c\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u8005\u79c1\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c16\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u8981\u6c42\u5e26\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5355\u8eab\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b69\u5b50\u4e09\u5c81\u6216\u4e09\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u53c2\u52a0\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u5b69\u5b50\u6ee1\u4e00\u5c81\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u7ed9\u4e88\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u7684\u914d\u5957\u57281995\u8d22\u653f\u5e74\u5ea613\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u6bcf\u5e7410\u4ebf\u3002\u5404\u5dde\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d690\ufe6a\u7684\u914d\u5957\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u58f0\u79f0\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u592a\u7d27\u5f20\u800c\u5168\u989d\u63d0\u53d6\u3002[20]<\/p>\n
\u5404\u5dde\u7b26\u5408\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u3001\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5dde\u62a5\u544a\u67096\ufe6a\u7684AFDC\u63a5\u53d7\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u53c2\u52a0\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u79d1\u7f57\u65af\u591a\u5dde\u79f0\u670969\ufe6a\uff0c\u5185\u5e03\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u5dde\u79f0\u670973\ufe6a\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u5e73\u5747\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a15\ufe6a\u3002\u52301995\u5e74\u5404\u5dde\u88ab\u8981\u6c4220\ufe6a\u7684\u5355\u4eb2\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u800c\u5168\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u5e73\u5747\u53c2\u4e0e\u7387\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u4eba\u5458\u768427.[21]\u5728AFDC-UP\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u8fbe\u523050\ufe6a\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u898138\ufe6a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u7684\u53c2\u52a0\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ece\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5dde\u76846\ufe6a\u5230\u80af\u642d\u57fa\u5dde\u768480.\u4ec5\u67095\u4e2a\u5dde\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u4eba\u8d85\u8fc740\ufe6a\u3002[22]<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7236\u6bcd\u8981\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u5b66\u6821\u4e0a\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u629a\u517b\u6cd5\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4ed6\u4eec\u52a0\u5165\u957f\u671f\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5931\u4e1a\u8005\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56\u798f\u5229\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5931\u4e1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u9884\u5907\u6027\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5931\u4e1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7ed9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u610f\u5411\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u953b\u70bc\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9884\u5907\u6027\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ece\u65b0\u8d70\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u9700\u627e\u3001\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u57f9\u8bad\u5e08\u6216\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u89c4\u5212\u5e08\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6216\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u4ece\u800c\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u652f\u6301\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\u7b49\u673a\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8ba9\u771f\u6b63\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u6446\u8131\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u5728\u804c\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u7ed9\u4e88\u6211\u4eec\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5931\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0a\u7684\u8001\u5316\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u79cd\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6027\u7684\u843d\u540e\uff0c<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u53c8\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u4ece\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u201d\u793e\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u953b\u70bc\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6446\u8131\u8d2b\u56f0\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0cJOBS\uff09\u7684\u5b9e\u6548<\/p>\n
\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u80fd\u8ba1\u5212\uff08job opportunities and basic skills\uff0c JOBS\uff09\u8ba1\u5212\u8bd5\u56fe\u6539\u53d8\u201c\u798f\u5229\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u8d2b\u56f0\u2014\u2014\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u5230\u4f9d\u8d56\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e14\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e4b\u81ea\u7acb\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002[23]\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684JOBS\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0b\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4f1a\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5462\u3002MRDC\u7528\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2aJOBS \u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e00\u5957\u53eb\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5f52\u5c5e\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8fc5\u901f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6280\u80fd\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u52a0\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09\u3002[24] \u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u4e8624\uff0c\u4f7f\u8131\u79bbAEDC\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u4e8616\ufe6a\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u589e\u52a0\u4e8626\ufe6a .\u7136\u800c\u4ecd\u670957 \ufe6a\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ec4\u6210\u4eba\u5458\u63a5\u53d7AFDC\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4eba\u589e\u957f\u6216\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3aAFDC\u8ba1\u5212\u8282\u7701\u4e8614 \ufe6a\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u603b\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5c40\u7528\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u7814\u7a76JOBS\u8ba1\u5212\u5b83\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6837\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u6837\u672c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86453\u4e2aJOBS\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u4f30\u8ba1\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u201c\u9884\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08job-ready\uff09\u201d\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u88ab\u96c7\u4f63\u3002[25]\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4eec\u79f0\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u8865\u507f\u91d1\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f53\u5ff5\u8ba1\u5212\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u603b\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5c40\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ba1\u5212\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86MDRC\u8bf8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u540e\uff0c\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7 P\u00b7\u83ab\u5c3c\u6c49\uff08DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN\uff09\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u611f\u89c9\u60ca\u5947\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0MDRC\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u6731\u8fea\u65af\u00b7\u683c\u6717\uff08JUDITH\u00a0 GUERON\uff09\u662f\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7aef\u5e84\u7684\u4f46\u603b\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u79ef\u6781\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u201d\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u798f\u5229\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u4e39\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u65af\u5199\u7684\u300aAFDC\u4e4b\u540e\u300b\uff08AFTERAFDC\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u900f\u89c6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a2\u5bfb\u6211\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u76f8\u914d\u5957\u6027\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u6cd5\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u4e1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u73b0\u884c\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u56fd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7acb\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c31\u4e1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u5931\u4e1a\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5c31\u4e1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u3001\u914d\u5957\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u5c31\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u51b5\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3001\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6ca1\u8003\u8651\u5230\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6ca1\u80fd\u529b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u5236\u5b9a\u5f97\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u5c11\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7acb\u6cd5\u7c97\u7cd9\u6f0f\u6d1e\u767e\u51fa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u5c31\u4e1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u613f\u671b\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u4e00\u7eb8\u7a7a\u6587\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u6ca1\u4ea7\u751f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u6cd5\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u65e5\u76ca\u5b8c\u5584\u4e0b\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u914d\u5957\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u5b8c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u5e73<\/p>\n
\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u662f\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\uff0c\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u3001\u533a\u57df\u6027\u6761\u7ea6\u5c06\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u7eb3\u5165\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u7b2c2\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4eab\u6709\u672c\u5ba3\u8a00\u6240\u8f7d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u80a4\u8272\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u89c1\u89e3\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u51fa\u751f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8eab\u4efd\u7b49\u4efb\u4f55\u533a\u522b\u3002\u8be5\u5ba3\u8a00\u6240\u627f\u8f7d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u7b2c23\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u4eba\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u804c\u4e1a\u4eab\u53d7\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u5e76\u4eab\u6709\u514d\u4e8e\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u201d\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c26\u6761\u548c\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c2\u6761\u4e5f\u505a\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u6743\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u300a\u6d88\u9664\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u6b67\u89c6\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c11\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u8f7d\u5c31\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7537\u5973\u6027\u5206\u522b\u4eab\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u52a0\u5927\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u62db\u7528\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u4ece\u4e8b\u804c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u7b49\u4ee5\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u6b67\u89c6\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u5730\u57df\u3001\u6237\u7c4d\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5bb9\u8c8c\u3001\u4f53\u578b\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u6027\u503e\u5411\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u53ca\u6f5c\u5728\u75be\u75c5\uff08\u5982\u4e0d\u5177\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u7684\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u539f\u643a\u5e26\u8005\uff09\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4f7f\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u529b\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5e0c\u671b\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5feb\u5c06\u300a\u53cd\u5c31\u4e1a\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u5236\u5b9a\u7eb3\u5165\u7acb\u6cd5\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\u5e94\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u53ef\u8bc9\u6027\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6761\u6b3e\u4e2d\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u89c4\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4f53\u6743\u5229\u3001\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u4e13\u7ae0\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\uff08\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u5bf9\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u4e4b\u5ba1\u89c6 \u97e9\u6842\u541b \u5218\u91d1\uff0c\u7b2c67 \u9875\uff09\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u66f4\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\uff0c\u6765\u52a0\u4e8e\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u8a00\u6027\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u6765\u5021\u5bfc\u6743\u5229\u3002\u65e0\u6551\u6d4e\u5219\u65e0\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u8bc9\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6cd5\u6548\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u67b6\u7a7a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u843d\u5b9e\u5176\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u7ed3\u8bba\u201d<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\uff08\u6cd5\u6848\uff09\u9610\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u542f\u793a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002[26]<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7136\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f46\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u62d2\u63a5\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u9690\u542b\u7684\u3001\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u3002[27]\u7acb\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u7acb\u6cd5\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u8fdb\u8def\uff0c\u5373\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u9759\u6001\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3001\u521b\u5236\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5e9f\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e00\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6743\u9650\u3001\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9759\u6001\u3002[28]\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u4ec0\u4e48\u56e0\u7d20\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u662f\u5f53\u4e0b\u6700\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\uff1f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u3001\u95ed\u95e8\u9020\u8f66\u4e0b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u300a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c31\u4e1a\u6cd5\u300b\u5728\u5f88\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u6253\u5f00\u5176\u4e2d\u6761\u6587\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u8bfb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u663e\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6cd5\u7406\u5b66\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u6280\u672f\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u653f\u7b56\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u201d \u3001\u201c\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u201d\u6216\u8005\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u8a00\u6027\u7684\u662d\u793a\uff01\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5c06\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u7f6e\u6362\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u672c\u571f\u5316\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u66f4\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u6216\u8005\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9e\u6548\u3002\u8ba9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3a\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u80fd\u591f\u771f\u6b63\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u5c3d\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u4f9d\u65e7\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u76ca\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u91cc\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8be5\u4e13\u95e8\u5316\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5b66\uff09\u6216\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u70ed\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u70ed\u70b9\u3002[29]\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u5f97\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u914d\u5957\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/p>\n
\u674e\u4f73\u660e\uff0c\u534e\u4e2d\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662 \u6cd5\u5b66\u7406\u8bba 2008\u7ea7\u6cd5\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u6ce8\u91ca\u3011<\/p>\n
[\u2460] \u827e\u9752\uff1a\u300a\u6211\u7231\u8fd9\u4e2a\u571f\u5730\u300b<\/p>\n
[\u2461] \u53c2\u52a0\uff1a\u6797\u5609\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u2462] \u672c\u6587\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u75c7\u7ed3\u662f\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u5b83\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e0e\u5b83\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e25\u91cd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672c\u8eab\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u54c1\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u2463] \u6d3b\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\uff1a\u6b63\u662f\u5f15\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e39\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u601d\u7528\u6d3b\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u662fLive in the present.\u6d3b\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6db5\u4e49\u6765\u81ea\u7985\uff0c\u7985\u5e08\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6d3b\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u7985\u5e08\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6d3b\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\uff1f\u7985\u5e08\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5403\u996d\u5c31\u662f\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u7761\u89c9\u5c31\u662f\u7761\u89c9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u53eb\u6d3b\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u3002\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u4f5b\u8bed\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u91ca\u96be\u4ee5\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u2464]\u00a0 \u4f55\u534e\u52e4\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u72482005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c160\u9875<\/p>\n
[\u2465]\u00a0 [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c180\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u2466]\u00a0 [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c180\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u2467]\u00a0 [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c180\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[\u2468]\u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6551\u52a9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c1\uff1alinda Gordon \uff0cwomen \uff0cthe state \uff0cand welfare\uff0c Madison \uff0cwl\uff1a university of Wisconsin press \uff0c1990\uff1bLinda Gordon\uff0c pitied but not entitled \uff1asingle mothers and the history of welfare \uff0cnew york\uff1a the free press \uff0c1994.<\/p>\n
[\u2469] [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c192\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[11] [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c192\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[12] [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c192\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[13] \u4e01\u5f00\u6770 \u6797\u4e49\u9009\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u72482004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c56\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[14] \u4e01\u5f00\u6770 \u6797\u4e49\u9009\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u72482004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c56\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[15]\u00a0 [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c192\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[16] Jan L .Hagen and Lurie \uff0c\u201chow 10 state implementend jobs\uff0c\u201dpubic welfare \uff0cvol.50\uff0csummer 1992\uff0c p.1<\/p>\n
[17]\u00a0 [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c192\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[18] Robert B .husdon\uff0cpersonal communication.<\/p>\n
[19]\u7f8e]\u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c\u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c193\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[20]\u7f8e]\u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c\u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c196\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[22]\u7f8e]\u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c\u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c196\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[23]\u00a0 [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c196\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[24]\u00a0 [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c196\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[25]\u00a0 [\u7f8e] \u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7M \u8fea\u5c3c\u6258\uff08diana m.dianitto\uff09 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff0c\u4f55\u656c \u845b\u5176\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c196\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[26] \u82cf\u529b\uff1a\u300a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u672c\u571f\u8d44\u6e90\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c73\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[27] \u82cf\u529b\uff1a\u300a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u672c\u571f\u8d44\u6e90\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c184\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[28] \u674e\u9f99\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u6cd5\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u51fa\u72482003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c341\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[29] \u82cf\u529b\uff1a\u300a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u672c\u571f\u8d44\u6e90\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c73\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u81ea\u5317\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fe1\u606f\u7f51<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u674e\u4f73\u660e<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e00\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u53ca\u610f\u4e49 \u5728\u54c1\u8bfb\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u300b\u5b9e\u73b0\u516c\u6c11\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u8bbf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6797\u5609\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u3002\u8457\u540d\u52b3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-wiki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=558"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/558\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}