\u3010\u6458\u8981\u3011\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u578b\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89c4\u8303\u8be5\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u635f\u5bb3\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6df1\u5733\u5e02\u76f8\u5173\u7acb\u6cd5\u6240\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7279\u6709\u7684\u67d4\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53ef\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u6240\u501f\u9274\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u8303\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5408\u6cd5\u884c\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u52a8\u660e\u786e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u52b3\u8d44\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3011\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u00a0 \u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u00a0 \u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u00a0 \u8c41\u514d\u501f\u9274<\/p>\n
\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u3011\uff1a\u4faf\u73b2\u73b2\uff081975\uff0d\uff09\u6df1\u5733\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u57fa\u91d1\u9879\u76ee\u3011\uff1a2010\u5e74\u5ea6\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9752\u5e74\u57fa\u91d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0810YJC820043\uff09<\/p>\n
\u3010\u6765\u6e90\u3011\uff1a\u6df1\u5733\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u7f51\u7ad9<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa<\/strong><\/p>\n \u300a\u6df1\u5733\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u62a5\u544a\uff082011\uff09\u300b\u5de5\u4f1a\u7bc7\u4e2d\uff0c\u674e\u83b9\u548c\u7a0b\u7acb\u8fbe\u5206\u522b\u5728\u5176\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9e\u8df5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u52b3\u65b9\u96c6\u4f53\u505c\u5de5\u7684\u538b\u529b\u662f\u5c06\u8d44\u65b9\u8bf7\u4e0a\u8c08\u5224\u684c\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\u3002[1]\u6df1\u5733\u591a\u5e74\u52b3\u52a8\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4eba\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u52b3\u8d44\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u85aa\u6216\u8865\u507f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c[2]\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u4e89\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u51e0\u4e4e\u6210\u4e3a\u52b3\u65b9\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u505c\u5de5\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u578b\u6001\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e89\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u5177\u6709\u5929\u7136\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u81f3\u5c11\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u4f9d\u6cd5\u884c\u4f7f\u89e3\u96c7\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u672a\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5229\u76ca\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6216\u6743\u5229\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff09\uff0c\u52b3\u65b9\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u4e0e\u8d44\u65b9\u534f\u5546\u4fbf\u5148\u884c\u91c7\u53d6\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u8d44\u65b9\u4e4b\u5916\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u5982\u96c6\u4f53\u5835\u8def\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u5207\u5b9e\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4e14\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u5df2\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u578b\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8981\u5bf9\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u4e88\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u9650\u5236\u5730\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5f15\u5bfc\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u65e2\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u6d41\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u67d4\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u7279\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6df1\u5733\u5e02\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u6cd5\u6240\u6709\u501f\u9274\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e8c\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5236\u4e4b\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8<\/strong><\/p>\n \u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u7740\u5929\u7136\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u4e3a\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u7eaa\u5f8b\u6027\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5265\u524a\uff0c\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u719f\u7ec3\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u534a\u719f\u7ec3\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u81ea\u53d1\u96c6\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u56e2\u4f53\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u8d56\u4ee5\u8c0b\u751f\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u7f62\u5de5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5de5\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u62ac\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u62b5\u5236\u8d44\u672c\u5265\u524a\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u7d27\u5f20\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u957f\u671f\u548c\u5e73\u800c\u88ab\u8feb\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002[3]<\/p>\n \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e89\u53d6\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u63d0\u9ad8\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6240\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ea8\u5229.\u4e54\u6cbb\u8bf4\u5230\uff1a\u5de5\u4eba\u793e\u56e2\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u66b4\u529b\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u8d44\uff1b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u66b4\u529b\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u5236\u6216\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u5236\u90a3\u4e9b\u843d\u4f0d\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u529b\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u5360\u9886\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u90fd\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8feb\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6328\u997f\u3002[4]\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u66b4\u529b\u201d\u4fbf\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u900f\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u7f62\u5de5\u3001\u7ea0\u5bdf\u7ebf\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u4f1a\u5458\u5236\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u9020\u6210\u96c7\u4e3b\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5bb3\u3001\u5408\u540c\u7684\u8fdd\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u975e\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u7684\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e5f\u6709\u7834\u574f\u673a\u5668\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u66b4\u52a8\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u5949\u884c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7edd\u5bf9\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fc7\u9519\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7ed3\u793e\u548c\u7f62\u5de5\u6301\u53cd\u5bf9\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ea4\u66ff\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u7981\u6b62\u7ed3\u793e\u6cd5\u300b\uff08CombinationAct 1799,1800\uff09\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e88\u4ee5\u53d6\u7f14\u548c\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4e25\u7981\u5de5\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u53d8\u66f4\u5de5\u65f6\u4e4b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fdd\u53cd\u8005\uff0c\u4e25\u52a0\u5904\u7f5a\u3002[5]\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u81ea18\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u8425\u4e1a\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u538b\u5236\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u4e3a\u521b\u8bbe\u6216\u6269\u5f20\u9002\u7528\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u7f6a\u540d\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662fCriminalConspiracy,\u5211\u4e8b\u5171\u8c0b\uff09\u53ca\u4fb5\u6743\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662fRestrain ofTrade ,\u9650\u5236\u8425\u4e1a\u4e4b\u7406\u8bba\uff09\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5229\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5219\u5c3d\u91cf\u91c7\u53d6\u5e7f\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\u3002[6]<\/p>\n \u5728\u6b20\u7f3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u5f00\u59cb\u56e2\u7ed3\u81ea\u6551\uff0c\u5386\u767e\u5e74\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u8d8b\u4e8e\u7a33\u56fa\u3002\u52b3\u5de5\u5df2\u80fd\u900f\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7167\u987e\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u7279\u522b\u7c4d\u91cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u52b3\u5de5\u4eec\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u79ef\u6781\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4ec5\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e0d\u5e72\u9884\u3002[7]\u8fd9\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u6cd5\u5236\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\uff1a[8]\uff081\uff09\u4ee5\u56fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u6765\u5e9f\u9664\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6240\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u59821871\u5e74\u7684Trade Union Act\u65e8\u5728\u5e9f\u6b62Hornby v.Close(1867\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u9650\u5236\u8425\u4e1a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u4e00\u662f\u6392\u9664\u201c\u9650\u5236\u8425\u4e1a\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5de5\u4f1a\u5728\u6c11\u4e8b\u53ca\u5211\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u767b\u5f55\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u767b\u5f55\u5de5\u4f1a\u8d4b\u4e88\u82e5\u5e72\u80fd\u529b\u53ca\u5229\u76ca\uff1b1875\u5e74\u7684Conspiracyand Protection of Property Act\u65e8\u5728\u5e9f\u9664R.V.Bunn(1872)\u4e00\u6848\u6240\u9002\u7528\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u540c\u8c0b\u7f6a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u5211\u6cd5\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff1b1965\u5e74\u7684TradeDisputes Act\u65e8\u5728\u9650\u5236\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u521b\u8bbe\u7684\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7f62\u5de5\u5a01\u80c1\u4ea6\u6784\u6210\u4fb5\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u3002\uff082\uff09\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e00\u822c\u7981\u6b62\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u514d\u8d23\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5373\u89c4\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u514d\u8d23\u4e8b\u7531\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f62\u5de5\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u548c\u6c11\u4e8b\u5236\u88c1\u5f97\u4ee5\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u59821824\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u5236\u8ba2CombinationLaws Repeal Law 1824,\u5e9f\u6b62\u300a\u7981\u6b62\u7ed3\u793e\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u8fde\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u5de5\u4eba\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u968f\u5373\u4e8e\u6b21\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86CombinationLaws Repeal Law 1825\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u5de5\u4eba\u5f97\u4e3a\u5de5\u8d44\u53ca\u5de5\u65f6\u4ece\u4e8b\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u4f46\u4f59\u8005\u7686\u5728\u7981\u6b62\u4e4b\u5217\u30021871\u5e74\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u6cd5\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u30021876\u5e74\u300a\u5171\u8c0b\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\u5bf9\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u5b9e\u884c\u5211\u4e8b\u8c41\u514d\u30021906\u5e74\u300a\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4eba\u5171\u8c0b\u6216\u5f15\u8bf1\u8fdd\u7ea6\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u30021965\u5e74\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c06\u8c41\u514d\u8303\u56f4\u6269\u53ca\u5230\u6050\u5413\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5230\u4e861980\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c41\u514d\u7acb\u6cd5\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u8c41\u514d\u8303\u56f4\u4e88\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fb5\u6743\u548c\u8c41\u514d\u57fa\u7840\u5236\u5ea6\u5df2\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u30021992\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u7edf\u4e00\uff09\u6761\u4f8b\u300b[9]\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u3001\u96c7\u4e3b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u884c\u52a8\u4e88\u4ee5\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\uff083\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u4f53\u7cfb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2a\u522b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u96f6\u788e\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n \u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u6cd5\u5236\u5386\u53f2\u770b\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f62\u5de5\u7b49\u4e3a\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u56e2\u4f53\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8c0b\u6c42\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u6539\u5584\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u6216\u613f\u671b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5982\u96c7\u4e3b\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8be5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6301\u5426\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6597\u4e89\u6fc0\u5316\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u672c\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u672c\u4f4d\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u6240\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7ec4\u5efa\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u529b\u91cf\u4e89\u53d6\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u6539\u5584\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6062\u590d\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u8d28\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u8f6c\u53d8\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u6709\u9650\u5236\u5730\u4fdd\u969c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8be5\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u4e88\u4ee5\u89c4\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u5371\u53ca\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u6276\u6301\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u9650\u5236\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u5904\u4e8e\u65e0\u5e8f\u548c\u5931\u8303\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e09\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u89c4\u5236\u4e4b\u73b0\u72b6<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f9d\u970d\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u6743\u5229\u4e00\u8bcd\u8868\u8fbe\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u7279\u6743\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6743\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u82e5\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6301\u6709\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u6743\u5229\u3002[10]\u82f1\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6743\u5229\u4e4b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4e0e\u5c06\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u5199\u5165\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6743\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6743\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6709\u7684\u67d4\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u548c\u56fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bf9\u6297\u4e2d\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u975e\u901a\u8fc7\u79ef\u6781\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e88\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u514d\u4e8e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u4e0a\u6216\u6c11\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u6d88\u6781\u5730\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6240\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002[11]\u91c7\u7528\u6d88\u6781\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f8b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u5224\u4f8b\u6cd5\u548c\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7684\u8865\u5145\u3002\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c45\u4e8e\u6b21\u8981\u3001\u8865\u5145\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u5e9f\u6b62\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6240\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002[12]<\/p>\n \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u79ef\u6781\u6743\u5229\uff08PositiveRight\uff09\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898[13]\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u514d\u8d23\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ec5\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u3002\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u662f\u5bf9\u5408\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8fdd\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u96c7\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u89e3\u96c7\u6761\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6ca1\u6709\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u89e3\u96c7\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u662f\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5408\u540c\u8fdd\u53cd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u6b62\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5de5\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u4e27\u5931\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66fe\u62b1\u6028\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u590d\u6742\u3002\uff083\uff09\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8c41\u514d\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u5411\u201c\u79ef\u6781\u6743\u5229\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u4ea6\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a[14]\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u7f62\u5de5\u5177\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u8f9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u8868\u8ff0\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5982\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u4ec5\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u505c\u6b62\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u201c\u4f9d\u89c4\u5219\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08workto rule\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u96c6\u4f53\u4f9d\u6cd5\u62d2\u7edd\u52a0\u73ed\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\uff083\uff09\u201c\u6743\u5229\u201d\u5c06\u7ed9\u4e88\u53f8\u6cd5\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6743\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u654c\u610f\u3002\u5982\u7ea0\u5bdf\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6743\u5229\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u88ab\u6cd5\u9662\u72ed\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\u3002LordWedderburn\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c06\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u6743\u5229\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5c0f\u6570\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u66f4\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u5e9f\u9664\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u4fb5\u6743\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7f62\u5de5\u4e2d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5e94\u662f\u4e2d\u6b62\u800c\u975e\u8fdd\u53cd\u3002[15]<\/p>\n \u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5173\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5236\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u53ca\u5176\u4e27\u5931\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u7406\u8865\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08\u4e00\uff09\u82f1\u56fd\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb<\/p>\n \u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fb5\u6743\u662f\u6307\u6545\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u539f\u544a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\u3002\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u4fb5\u6743\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1\u3001\u5171\u8c0b\u3002\u5373\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u534f\u8bae\u505a\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdd\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u505a\u5408\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u5408\u8c0b\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3001\u5408\u8c0b\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c41\u514d\u8986\u76d6\u5408\u8c0b\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u8986\u76d6\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdd\u53cd\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u88ab\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e8e\u975e\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u975e\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u88ab\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c41\u514d\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u30022\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bf1\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff1b3\u3001\u5e72\u6270\u5408\u540c\uff1b4\u3001\u6050\u5413\u30015\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u5e72\u6270\u8d38\u6613\uff1b6\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\uff08\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80c1\u8feb\u3001\u5f15\u8bf1\u8fdd\u53cd\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d<\/p>\n \u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u7edf\u4e00\uff09\u6cd5\u300b\uff08TULR(C)A,1992\uff09\u7b2c219\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fb5\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u8be5\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u5bf9\u9884\u8c0b\u6216\u4fc3\u8fdb\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u4e88\u4ee5\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5f15\u8bf1\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdd\u53cd\u6216\u5c06\u8fdd\u53cd\u5408\u540c\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5728\u5176\u80c1\u8feb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fdd\u53cd\u6216\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u5c65\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdd\u53cd\u5408\u540c\u6216\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u5c65\u884c\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u4e24\u4eba\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u5408\u8c0b\u505a\u6216\u4fc3\u6210\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u4f9d\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u7ea0\u5bdf\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n \u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u9664\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u60c5\u5f62\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8981\u4ef6\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5fc5\u9700\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5fc5\u9700\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5fc5\u9700\u6709\u5408\u7406\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u5730244\u6761\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u201d\u4e3a\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e0e\u96c7\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u4e0b\u5217\u4e8b\u9879\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4efb\u4f55\u5de5\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u4ece\u4e8b\u3001\u6216\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u6216\u7ec8\u6b62\u96c7\u4f63\u6216\u96c7\u4f63\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5de5\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u56e2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u914d\u6216\u96c7\u4f63\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u7eaa\u5f8b\u4e8b\u9879\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u6216\u975e\u4f1a\u5458\uff1b\uff086\uff09\u5de5\u4f1a\u529e\u516c\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1b\uff087\uff09\u8c08\u5224\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e8b\u9879\u6709\u5173\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u96c7\u4e3b\u53ca\u5176\u56e2\u4f53\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u5de5\u4eba\u8c08\u5224\u6216\u534f\u5546\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u4e4b\u4e27\u5931<\/p>\n \u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u7edf\u4e00\uff09\u6cd5\u300b\uff08TULR(C)A,1992\uff09\u7b2c222\uff0d225\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0d\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n 1\u3001\u6b21\u7ea7\u884c\u52a8<\/p>\n \u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u6cd5\u300b\uff081992\uff09\u7b2c224\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f15\u8bf1\u8fdd\u53cd\u6216\u5e72\u9884\u975e\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e00\u65b9\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5408\u540c\u5c65\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u80c1\u8feb\u8fdd\u53cd\u6216\u5e72\u9884\u8fdd\u53cd\u6216\u5e72\u9884\u975e\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e00\u65b9\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5408\u540c\u5c65\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u5408\u6cd5\u7ea0\u5bdf\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n \u8be5\u6cd5\u7b2c220\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u7ea0\u5bdf\u5f97\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u9884\u8c0b\u6216\u4fc3\u6210\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684:(1)\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u6216\u9644\u8fd1\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4ee3\u8868\u6216\u966a\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u6216\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u6c9f\u901a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u529d\u670d\u4ed6\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u4e0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n 2\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u6027\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u884c\u52a8<\/p>\n \u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u6cd5\u300b\uff081992\uff09\u7b2c222\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5f3a\u8feb\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c7\u4e3b\u96c7\u4f63\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u96c7\u4f63\u975e\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u6216\u672a\u5bf9\u975e\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u5f85\u9047\u800c\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5c06\uff081\uff09\u6761\u6b3e\u5199\u5165\u96c7\u4f63\u5408\u540c\u800c\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u56e0\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u96c7\u800c\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u30021990\u5e74\u300a\u96c7\u4f63\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9\u201c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u89e3\u96c7\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n 3\u3001\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u9009\u7968\u7684\u884c\u52a8<\/p>\n \u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u6cd5\u300b\uff081992\uff09\u7b2c226\uff0d235\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u79d8\u5bc6\u6295\u7968\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e88\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u6295\u7968\u53ea\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u201c\u7531\u5de5\u4f1a\u6240\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u65f6\u624d\u4e3a\u5fc5\u9700\u3002\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u6761\u4ef6\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u662f\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u72ec\u7acb\u6295\u7968\u3002\uff082\uff09\u65e0\u8bb0\u540d\u6295\u7968\u3002\uff083\uff09\u6295\u7968\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6295\u7968\u5fc5\u9700\u7b26\u5408\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u5e73\u7b49\u6295\u7968\u3001\u79d8\u5bc6\u6295\u7968\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u5de5\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5e72\u6d89\u7b49\u3002\u7b2c227\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f15\u8bf1\u53c2\u52a0\u6216\u7ee7\u7eed\u53c2\u52a0\u7f62\u5de5\u6216\u5de5\u4e1a\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6743\u6295\u7968\u3002\u6839\u636e1993\u5e74\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u5fc5\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u90ae\u5bc4\u6295\u7968\u3002\u6295\u7968\u5fc5\u9700\u4ee5\u4e66\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\uff083\uff09\u5fc5\u9700\u901a\u77e5\u96c7\u4e3b\u3002\u6295\u7968\u516c\u5f00\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u63d0\u524d7\u5929\u544a\u77e5\u6295\u7968\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u6295\u7968\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u7b49\uff1b\u6295\u7968\u4e4b\u524d3\u5929\u63d0\u4f9b\u9009\u7968\u6837\u672c\uff1b\u5de5\u4e1a\u884c\u52a8\u524d7\u5929\u4e66\u9762\u544a\u77e5\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u6709\u963b\u6b62\u672a\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u7968\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u30021988\u5e74\u300a\u96c7\u4f63\u6cd5\u300b\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u5de5\u4f1a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u5148\u4e3e\u884c\u6295\u7968\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6388\u6743\u6216\u8ffd\u8ba4\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f15\u8bf1\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u547d\u4ee4\u5de5\u4f1a\u64a4\u56de\u6388\u6743\u6216\u63a8\u7ffb\u5176\u6388\u6743\u6216\u8ffd\u8ba4\u7684\u6548\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n \uff08\u56db\uff09\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb<\/p>\n \u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff1a<\/p>\n 1\u3001\u7981\u4ee4<\/p>\n \u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6743\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u963b\u6b62\u6216\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u4f17\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6cd5\u9662\u5411\u88ab\u544a\u53d1\u51fa\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u544a\u505c\u6b62\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d6\u6d88\u5728\u5ba1\u5224\u671f\u95f4\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u7834\u7f62\u5de5\u3002\u7981\u4ee4\u53d1\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u67e5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u662f\u5426\u6709\u88ab\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff0820\u539f\u544a\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u88ab\u544a\u884c\u52a8\u7ed9\u5176\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f25\u8865\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u544a\u635f\u5bb3\u5927\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\u7ec8\u6b62\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n \u8fdd\u53cd\u7981\u4ee4\u6784\u6210\u85d0\u89c6\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u85d0\u89c6\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u7f5a\u6b3e\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n 2\u3001\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n \u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u539f\u544a\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u65f6\uff0c\u987b\u627f\u62c5\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u88ab\u5de5\u4f1a\u6388\u6743\u6216\u8ffd\u8ba4\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5e94\u5bf9\u5176\u6210\u5458\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u627f\u62c5\u4ee3\u7406\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff081992\uff09\u7b2c22\u6761\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u6570\u989d\u4e88\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5de5\u4f1a\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u91d1\u989d\u9650\u5236\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4f1a\u5458\u5c11\u4e8e5000\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3a10000\u82f1\u9551\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u4f1a\u5458\u57285000\u81f325000\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3a50000\u82f1\u9551\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u4f1a\u5458\u572825000\u81f3100000\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3a125000\u82f1\u9551\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u4f1a\u5458\u5728100000\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3a250000\u82f1\u9551\u3002<\/p>\n 3\u3001\u7ea0\u5bdf\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb<\/p>\n \u7ea0\u5bdf\u5b9e\u884c\u6781\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u548c\u6c11\u4e8b\u8c41\u514d\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u7ea0\u5bdf\u4ea7\u751f\u6c11\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6c11\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fb5\u6743\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u79c1\u4eba\u59a8\u5bb3\u3002\u5982\u5c01\u9501\u8fdb\u5165\u96c7\u4e3b\u7269\u4e1a\u7684\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7ea0\u5bdf\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u96c7\u4e3b\u623f\u4ea7\u7684\u5916\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ecb\u6270\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u800c\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\uff083\uff09\u516c\u5171\u59a8\u5bb3\u3002\u7ea0\u5bdf\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u56e0\u6b64\u906d\u53d7\u7279\u522b\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\uff084\uff09\u4fb5\u5165\u3002\u5728\u96c7\u4e3b\u9886\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7ea0\u5bdf\u662f\u4fb5\u6743\u3002\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8fdd\u53cd\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u8b66\u5bdf\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u914c\u60c5\u6743\u3002\u8b66\u5bdf\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u963b\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8b66\u5bdf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdd\u53cd\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u804c\u8d23\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u3002\u59a8\u788d\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\uff082\uff09\u59a8\u788d\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u3002\u7ea0\u5bdf\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u5229\u8ba9\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u505c\u4e0b\u7684\u8f66\u8f86\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c137\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u963b\u788d\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u81ea\u7531\u6784\u6210\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\uff083\uff09\u516c\u5171\u59a8\u5bb3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u963b\u788d\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u81ea\u7531\u901a\u884c\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n \u56db\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u501f\u9274<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7531\u4e2a\u522b\u5411\u96c6\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u8f6c\u578b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5fc5\u7136\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u66fe\u660e\u663e\u4e0a\u5347\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4e0e\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e89\u8bae\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5373\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u56e0\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5229\u76ca\u4e89\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u65bd\u538b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u4ee5\u96c6\u4f53\u505c\u5de5\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7ea0\u5bdf\uff0c\u5982\u5835\u95e8\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5176\u4ed6\u5458\u5de5\u8fdb\u5382\u3001\u963b\u788d\u8bbe\u5907\u8fd0\u51fa\u5382\u5916\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f9d\u636e\u6c11\u6cd5\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u548c\u5211\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u5dee\u8ddd\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6536\u5165\u8fc7\u4f4e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u529b\u91cf\u8feb\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4e4b\u8c08\u5224\u4e89\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u5df2\u88ab\u516c\u4f17\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c11\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u52b3\u8d44\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8b66\u5bdf\u4ecb\u5165\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e89\u8bae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u82db\u4ee5\u884c\u653f\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u4f9d\u9760\u52b3\u8d44\u4e4b\u95f4\u8c08\u5224\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u534f\u8c03\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u4e3a\u7eb3\u5165\u79e9\u5e8f\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u56fd\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u591a\u4e3a\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n \u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4e0e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u5408\u7406\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u603b\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6240\u5f97\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u52b3\u8d44\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d4b\u4e88\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6743\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u8d4b\u4e88\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u6743\u5229\u8303\u56f4\u53ca\u5176\u9650\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n \u6df1\u5733\u5e02\u6bd7\u90bb\u6e2f\u6fb3\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u548c\u8f83\u5927\u5e02\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u3002\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6df1\u5733\u5e02\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u79ef\u6781\u5438\u6536\u9999\u6e2f\u5730\u533a\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5916\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u6df1\u5733\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a\u548c\u8c10\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c2008\u5e7411\u67081\u65e5\uff09\u521b\u65b0\u8bbe\u7acb\u505c\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6062\u590d\u548c\u51b7\u9759\u671f\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u672a\u660e\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u7f62\u5de5\u7b49\u5728\u5185\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u51b2\u7a81\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n \uff11\u3001\u5bf9\u201c\u56e0\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u53d1\u751f\u96c6\u4f53\u505c\u5de5\u3001\u6020\u5de5\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u627f\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7b2c52\u3001\u7b2c53\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u56e0\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u505c\u5de5\u3001\u6020\u5de5\u3001\u95ed\u5382\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f53\u7136\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u6743\u53d1\u5e03\u547d\u4ee4\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u505c\u6b62\u8be5\u9879\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e09\u6761\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e09\u6761\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f9b\u6c34\u3001\u7535\u3001\u71c3\u6c14\u3001\u516c\u5171\u8fd0\u8f93\u7b49\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e00\u65e6\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u6781\u5927\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\uff08\u5730\u533a\uff09\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u5728\u5229\u76ca\u79e9\u5e8f\u5b89\u6392\u4e0a\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4fb5\u5bb3\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u76ca\u548c\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u7f62\u5de5\u9650\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u5de5\u8d44\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6743\u7f62\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n \uff12\u3001\u5bf9\u201c\u51b7\u9759\u671f\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n \u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7b2c53\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e02\u3001\u533a\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u5e03\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u6216\u8005\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u505c\u6b62\u8be5\u9879\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u53d1\u5e03\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u4e09\u5341\u65e5\u5185\u4e3a\u51b7\u9759\u671f\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u9650\u5185\u4e0d\u5f97\u91c7\u53d6\u6fc0\u5316\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u9650\u5185\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8c08\u5224\u3001\u8c03\u89e3\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n \u201c\u51b7\u9759\u671f\u201d\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5927\u591a\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u5854\u592b\u7279\u00b7\u54c8\u7279\u83b1\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5219\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u6536\u5230\u8c03\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f62\u5de5\u5c06\u201c\u5371\u53ca\u56fd\u6c11\u4e4b\u5065\u5eb7\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6388\u6743\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u5bf9\u7f62\u5de5\u6216\u9501\u5382\u4e0b\u8fbe80\u5929\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u7981\u6b62\u4ee4\u3002[16]\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u635f\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n 2010\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\u300a\u6df1\u5733\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u6761\u4f8b\u516c\u5f00\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\u300b[17]\u62df\u5728\u534f\u5546\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u4e2d\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u4e88\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5373\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u5f97\u6709\u717d\u52a8\u6216\u8005\u91c7\u53d6\u505c\u5de5\u3001\u6020\u5de5\u3001\u95ed\u5382\u7b49\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8fdd\u53cd\u8be5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u8d23\u4ee4\u9650\u671f\u6539\u6b63\uff1b\u62d2\u4e0d\u6539\u6b63\u6216\u8005\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u65b9\u4e2d\u6b62\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u9664\u4e0e\u5176\u8ba2\u7acb\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u652f\u4ed8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8865\u507f\uff1b\u9020\u6210\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eba\u4eba\u8eab\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u6cd5\u627f\u62c5\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n \u8be5\u89c4\u5b9a\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u4e88\u4ee5\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u8be5\u6761\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u9677\u5165\u50f5\u5c40\u65f6\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u548c\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u5374\u662f\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u5b9e\u8df5\u5904\u7406\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u516c\u5b89\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u66f4\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u884c\u653f\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u6c11\u4e8b\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u90fd\u80fd\u8c41\u514d\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u5f97\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u8be5\u6761\u4f8b\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\u5219\u672a\u6709\u660e\u786e\u3002\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u660e\u786e\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u8be5\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\u300b\u7b2c28\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u53d1\u751f\u505c\u5de5\u3001\u6020\u5de5\u7b49\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5de5\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a8\u9009\u534f\u5546\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5f00\u5c55\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u3002\u56e0\u60c5\u51b5\u7d27\u6025\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u534f\u5546\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f1a\u6307\u6d3e\u534f\u5546\u4ee3\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\uff1b\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5de5\u4f1a\u6307\u6d3e\u534f\u5546\u4ee3\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u5e94\u5f53\u53ca\u65f6\u53c2\u4e0e\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u5904\u7406\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n \u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u89c4\u8303\u4eba\u4eec\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6307\u5f15\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u52b3\u8d44\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6216\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u53ca\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u505a\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5e76\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u6653\u6216\u4f30\u8ba1\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u4e92\u95f4\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u77e5\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u884c\u52a8\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \u300a\u6df1\u5733\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u6761\u4f8b\u516c\u5f00\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\u300b\u5229\u7528\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u548c\u4fb5\u6743\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u5236\u5ea6\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5f15\u5bfc\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u7684\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u5173\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u6df1\u5733\u7acb\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u9274\u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u6cd5\u300b\u6709\u5173\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4e88\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3001\u660e\u786e\u5316\u3002\u660e\u786e\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u6cd5\u8981\u4ef6\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5fc5\u9700\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u80fd\u591f\u5f15\u5bfc\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u9009\u62e9\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u52b3\u8d44\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u9884\u9632\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u8c41\u514d\u5236\u5ea6\u5fc5\u9700\u4ee5\u5229\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u635f\u5bb3\u5e94\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3002\u5373\u8be5\u884c\u52a8\u5fc5\u9700\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n ___________________________<\/p>\n [1]\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u674e\u83b9\uff1a\u300a\u628a\u8d44\u65b9\u8bf7\u4e0a\u8c08\u5224\u684c\uff0d\u5de5\u8d44\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8303\u4f8b\u300b\u3001\u7a0b\u7acb\u8fbe\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u5148\u7aef\u7cbe\u5bc6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u770b\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u6c64\u5ead\u82ac\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u6df1\u5733\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u62a5\u544a\uff082011\uff09\u300b\uff0c.\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e2011\u5e74\u7248\uff0c155\uff0d159\u9875\uff1b169\uff0d178\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [2]\u7a0b\u7acb\u8fbe\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u5148\u7aef\u7cbe\u5bc6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u770b\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u6c64\u5ead\u82ac\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u6df1\u5733\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u62a5\u544a\uff082011\uff09\u300b\uff0c.\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e2011\u5e74\u7248\uff0c176\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [3]\u3010\u7f8e\u3011\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u594e\u56e0\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u5de5\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff10\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\uff12\uff12\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [4]\u3010\u7f8e\u3011\u66fc\u745f\u5c14.\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u8457\uff0c\u9648\u90c1\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c84\uff0d85\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [5]\u738b\u6cfd\u9274\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5224\u4f8b\u7814\u7a762\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c344\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [6]\u738b\u6cfd\u9274\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5224\u4f8b\u7814\u7a762\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c328\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [7]\u738b\u6cfd\u9274\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5224\u4f8b\u7814\u7a762\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c328\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [8]\u738b\u6cfd\u9274\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5224\u4f8b\u7814\u7a762\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c353\uff0d354\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [9]TradeUnion and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992<\/p>\n [10]\u3010\u82f1\u3011A.J.M.\u7c73\u5c14\u6069\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0d\u4eba\u6743\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u590f\u52c7\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1996\u5e74\u7248\u7b2c8\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [11]\u738b\u6cfd\u9274\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5224\u4f8b\u7814\u7a762\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c354\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [12]\u738b\u6cfd\u9274\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5224\u4f8b\u7814\u7a762\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c340\uff0d343\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [13]\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u00b7\u90a6 \u9a6c\u7eb3\u00b7\u6492\u592b\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u5f71\u5370\u7248\u6cd5\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u6b66\u6c49\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c215\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [14]\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u00b7\u90a6 \u9a6c\u7eb3\u00b7\u6492\u592b\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u5f71\u5370\u7248\u6cd5\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u6b66\u6c49\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c216\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [15]\u827e\u5229\u68ee\u00b7\u90a6 \u9a6c\u7eb3\u00b7\u6492\u592b\u8457\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u5f71\u5370\u7248\u6cd5\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u6b66\u6c49\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c217\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [16]\u7a0b\u5ef6\u5706\uff1a\u300a\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u5236\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c271\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n [17]\u300a\u6df1\u5733\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u533a\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u6761\u4f8b\u516c\u5f00\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\u516c\u544a\u300bhttp:\/\/news.sznews.com\/content\/2010-08\/13\/content_4832327_5.htm\uff0c2011\uff0d12\uff0d01\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u3010\u6458\u8981\u3011\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u578b\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89c4\u8303\u8be5\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u635f\u5bb3\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u96c6 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6242","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-wiki"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6242"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6242\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abc.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}